Archimedes principle

Examples of Archimedes principle in the following topics:

• Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle

  • The buoyant force on an object can be calculated using the Archimedes principle.
  • A simpler method follows from the Archimedes principle, which states that the buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces.
  • The reasoning behind the Archimedes principle is that the buoyancy force on an object depends on the pressure exerted by the fluid on its submerged surface.
  • The Archimedes principle is valid for any fluid—not only liquids (such as water) but also gases (such as air).
  • We use Archimedes' Principle to determine the number of penguins an ice float can dryly support.

• Complete Submersion

  • The Archimedes principle is easiest to understand and apply in the case of entirely submersed objects.
  • This follows immediately from the Archimedes' principle, and the the fact that the object is completely submerged (and so the volume of the fluid displaced is just the volume of the object).
  • Now, we'll calculate this force using Archimedes' principle.

• Flotation

  • But the Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force is the weight of the fluid displaced.
  • This is often called the "principle of flotation" where a floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight.
  • Density plays a crucial role in Archimedes' principle.

• Huygens' Principle

  • Figure 1 shows a simple example of the Huygens's Principle of diffraction.
  • The principle can be shown with the equation below:
  • This principle works for all wave types, not just light waves.
  • Huygens's principle applied to a straight wavefront striking a mirror.
  • Huygens's principle applied to a straight wavefront.

• Pascal's Principle

  • Pascal's Principle states that pressure is transmitted and undiminished in a closed static fluid.
  • Pascal's Principle (or Pascal's Law) applies to static fluids and takes advantage of the height dependency of pressure in static fluids.
  • Qualitatively, Pascal's Principle states that pressure is transmitted undiminished in an enclosed static liquid.
  • As stated by Pascal's Principle, the pressure applied to a static fluid in a closed container is transmitted throughout the entire fluid.
  • By Pascal's Principle, P1 = P2, yielding a force exerted by the static fluid of F2, where F2 > F1.

• The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

  • The uncertainty principle asserts a basic limit to the precision with which some physical properties of a particle can be known simultaneously.
  • The uncertainty principle is inherent in the properties of all wave-like systems, and it arises in quantum mechanics simply due to the matter wave nature of all quantum objects.
  • Thus, the uncertainty principle actually states a fundamental property of quantum systems, and is not a statement about the observational success of current technology.
  • The principle is quite counterintuitive, so the early students of quantum theory had to be reassured that naive measurements to violate it were bound always to be unworkable.
  • Relate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle with the matter wave nature of all quantum objects

• Einstein's Postulates

  • Special relativity is based on Einstein's two postulates: the Principle of Relativity and the Principle of Invariant Light Speed.
  • The Principle of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same and can be stated in their simplest form in all inertial frames of reference.
  • The Principle of Invariant Light Speed: The speed of light c is a constant, independent of the relative motion of the source and observer.

• Superposition of Forces

  • The superposition principle (superposition property) states that for all linear forces the total force is a vector sum of individual forces.
  • The superposition principle (also known as superposition property) states that: for all linear systems, the net response at a given place and time caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been caused by each stimulus individually.
  • Therefore, the principle suggests that total force is a vector sum of individual forces.
  • The principle of linear superposition allows the extension of Coulomb's law to include any number of point charges—in order to derive the force on any one point charge by a vector addition of these individual forces acting alone on that point charge.
  • Apply the superposition principle to determine the net response caused by two or more stimuli

• Superposition of Fields

  • As vector fields, electric fields obey the superposition principle.
  • This principle states that for all linear systems, the net response to multiple stimuli at a given place and time is equal to the sum of the responses that would have resulted from each stimulus individually.
  • It should be noted that the superposition principle is applicable to any linear system, including algebraic equations, linear differential equations, and systems of equations of the aforementioned forms.

• Spherical and Plane Waves

  • The Huygen-Fresnel Principle shows that as the waves interact with each other, they interfere either constructively or destructively .
  • The Huygen-Fresnel Principle uses the law of refraction.