urinary tract infection

Examples of urinary tract infection in the following topics:

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection affecting the urinary tract; about 150 million people develop UTIs each year.
  • About 150 million people develop a urinary tract infection each year.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
  • Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection.
  • These changes are indicative of a urinary tract infection.

• Cystitis

  • Cystitis is a urinary bladder inflammation that is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract infection.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI), a bacterial infection that affects the lower urinary tract, is also known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection).
  • It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection in which case it is referred to as a urinary tract infection.
  • In sexually active women the most common cause of urinary tract infection is from E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
  • This disease can cause chronic urinary tract infections.

• Pyelonephritis

  • Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue and surrounding area, commonly caused by a bacterial infection ascending up the upper urinary tract.
  • It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract or travelled through the bloodstream to the kidneys.
  • Severe cases of pyelonephritis can lead to pyonephrosis (pus accumulation around the kidney), sepsis (a systemic inflammatory response of the body to infection), kidney failure and even death.

• Microorganisms in the Hospital

  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • A nosocomial infection, also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI, is an infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit, or one developed among hospital staff.
  • Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections, and are aggravated by the reduced resistance of individual patients.
  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (urinary tract infection is the most common), and accounts for 15-20% of the total.

• Pathogenic Escherichia coli

  • In humans, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis can occur.
  • Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is responsible for approximately 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) seen in individuals with ordinary anatomy.
  • In ascending infections, fecal bacteria colonize the urethra and spread up the urinary tract to the bladder, as well as to the kidneys (causing pyelonephritis), or the prostate in males.
  • Uropathogenic E. coli use P fimbriae (pyelonephritis-associated pili) to bind urinary tract endothelial cells and colonize the bladder.
  • Descending infections in turn, though relatively rare, occur when E. coli cells enter the upper urinary tract organs (kidneys, bladder or ureters) from the blood stream.

• Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

  • ., cystitis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, gingivitis, dental plaque, and other yet to be identified conditions).
  • They differ from free-floating or planktonic bacteria that cause acute infections and are managed by antimicrobial drugs.
  • Elimination of persisters remains an obstacle for the eradication of some tenacious and highly recurrent bacterial infections.

• Group B Streptococcus Colonization

  • Group B streptococcus is part of the natural microflora in some people, but can sometimes cause life-threatening infections.
  • Its infectivity is due to the presence of a antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule.
  • If a pregnant woman is a carrier of strep B, the baby can become infected during vaginal delivery.
  • Sometimes it can manifest with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both pregnant and nonpregnant women.
  • This strategy has lead to a significant drop in the rates of infant infection in these countries.

• Prostatitis

  • Bacterial infections can cause both acute and chronic prostatitis.
  • It usually causes intermittent urinary tract infections (UTIs) which can lead to cystitis.
  • The antibiotics of choice should be bactericidal (e.g., quinolone) not bacteriostatic (e.g., tetracycline) if the infection is life-threatening.
  • Severe infections may require hospitalization, while milder cases (no sepsis) can be treated with antibiotic administration combined with bed rest at home.
  • The infection is usually cured successfully with antibiotics and the recovery is complete without further complications.

• Direct Counting

  • Similarly, the concentration of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in blood or bodily fluids can reveal information about the progress of an infectious disease and about how a person's immune system is dealing with the infection.
  • Bacterial colony counts made from plating dilutions of bacteria are useful to estimate the strength of bacterial infections; for example, a urinary tract bacterial infection.

• Bacterial Infections of the Heart

  • Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart or heart valves caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood.
  • The lack of blood supply to the valves also has implications for treatment, since drugs also have difficulty reaching the infected valve.
  • Bacteremia caused by dental procedures (in most cases due to streptococci viridans, which reside in oral cavity), such as a cleaning or extraction of a tooth and from procedures involving the gastrointestinal or urinary tract can cause bacterial endocarditis.
  • The chance that these signs and symptoms are caused by endocarditis is more likely if they occur soon after a dental cleaning or procedure involving the gastrointestinal or urinary tract.
  • Antibiotics are continued for a long time, typically two to six weeks depending on the characteristics of the infection and the causative microorganisms.