septic shock

Examples of septic shock in the following topics:

• Sepsis and Septic Shock

  • Frequently, patients suffering from septic shock are cared for in intensive care units.
  • The mortality rate from septic shock is approximately 25–50%.
  • In sepsis, blood pressure drops, resulting in septic shock.
  • There are new drugs that act against the extreme inflammatory response seen in septic shock.
  • Compare and contrast the symptoms of: sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

• Pyelonephritis

  • Pyelonephritis that has progressed to urosepsis may be accompanied by signs of septic shock, including rapid breathing, decreased blood pressure, violent shivering, and occasionally delirium.

• Salmonellosis

  • In the generalized form of the disease, salmonellae pass through the lymphatic system of the intestine into the blood of the patients (typhoid form) and are carried to various organs (liver, spleen, kidneys) to form secondary foci (septic form).
  • In severe forms of the disease, enough liquid and electrolytes are lost to upset the body's metabolism of water and salt, decreasing the circulating blood volume and arterial pressure to enough of a degree to cause hypovolemic shock.
  • Septic shock may also develop.
  • Shock of mixed character (with signs of both hypovolemic and septic shock) is more common in severe salmonellosis.

• Noncholera Vibrios

  • Medical therapy consists of the following: prompt initiation of effective antibiotic therapy (doxycycline or a quinolone), intensive medical therapy with aggressive fluid replacement, vasopressors for hypotension and septic shock, early fasciotomy within 24 hours after development of clinical symptoms in patients with necrotizing fasciitis, early debridement of the infected wound, expeditious and serial surgical evaluation and intervention to prevent rapid deterioration, especially in patients with necrotizing fasciitis or compartment syndrome.

• The Cardiovascular System

  • The immune response to the bacteria can cause sepsis and septic shock, which has a relatively high mortality rate.

• The Heat-Shock Response

  • Heat shock response is a cell's response to intense heat, including up-regulation of heat shock proteins.
  • Heat shock response is the cellular response to heat shock includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism .
  • The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor (HSF), while σ32 is the heat shock sigma factor in Escherichia coli.
  • Heat shock protein come in many sizes.
  • This is an example of small heat shock proteins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clonal Variants Isolated from Diverse Niches.

• Growth Rate and Temperature

  • For example, in molecular biology, the cold-shock domain (CSD) is a protein domain of about 70 amino acids which has been found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins.
  • During the lag phase, the expression of around 13 proteins, which contain cold shock domains is increased two- to ten-fold.
  • These so-called cold shock proteins are thought to help the cell survive in temperatures lower than optimum growth temperature, by contrast with heat shock proteins, which help the cell survive in temperatures greater than the optimum, possibly by condensation of the chromosome and organization of the prokaryotic nucleoid.

• Superantigens

  • The immune system over-reaction to the antigen causes a group of diseases that manifest in fever and shock, such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and Kawasaki disease.

• Classic Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

  • All types of VHF are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can progress to high fever, shock and death in many cases.
  • Manifestations of VHF often also include flushing of the face and chest, petechiae, frank bleeding, edema, hypotension, and shock.

• Bacterial Transformation

  • Typically, the cells are incubated in a solution containing divalent cations; most commonly, calcium chloride solution under cold condition, which is then exposed to a pulse of heat shock.
  • Using this method, the cells are briefly shocked with an electric field of 10-20 kV/cm which is thought to create holes in the cell membrane through which the plasmid DNA may enter.
  • After the electric shock, the holes are rapidly closed by the cell's membrane-repair mechanisms.