Examples of replicative transposition in the following topics:
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- It can then use transposition to initiate its viral DNA replication.
- The mechanism of transposition can be either "copy and paste" or "cut and paste. " Transposition can create phenotypically significant mutations and alter the cell's genome size.
- Mu phage transposition is the best known example of replicative transposition.
- Replicative transposition is a mechanism of transposition in molecular biology, proposed by James A.
- In this mechanism, the donor and receptor DNA sequences form a characteristic intermediate "theta" configuration, sometimes called a "Shapiro intermediate. " Replicative transposition is characteristic to retrotransposons and occurs from time to time in class II transposons.
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- The mechanism of transposition can be either "copy and paste" or "cut and paste. " Transposition can create phenotypically significant mutations and alter the cell's genome size.
- Transposons in bacteria usually carry an additional gene for function other than transposition---often for antibiotic resistance.
- Transposons are semi-parasitic DNA sequences that can replicate and spread through the host's genome.
- Transposition is a precise process in which a defined DNA segment is excised from one DNA molecule and moved to another site in the same or different DNA molecule or genome.
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- RNA viruses are classified into distinct groups depending on their genome and mode of replication.
- Replication of viruses primarily involves the multiplication of the viral genome.
- Replication also involves synthesis of viral messenger RNA (mRNA) from "early" genes (with exceptions for positive sense RNA viruses), viral protein synthesis, possible assembly of viral proteins, then viral genome replication mediated by early or regulatory protein expression.
- Viral replication usually takes place in the cytoplasm .
- Viruses that replicate via RNA intermediates need an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase to replicate their RNA, but animal cells do not seem to possess a suitable enzyme.
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- The cell division process is controlled by the cell cycle; the chromosomes within the Archaea are replicated to produce two daughter chromosomes.
- The circular chromosomes contain multiple origins of replication, using DNA polymerases that resemble eukaryotic enzymes.
- DNA replication, similar in all systems, involves initiation, elongation, and termination.
- The replication of DNA, beginning at the origins of replication present on the circular chromosomes, requires initiator proteins.
- The DNA replication system in Archaea, similar to all systems, requires a free 3'OH group before synthesis is initiated.
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- Herpes replication entails three phases: gene transcription, viral assembly in the nucleus, and budding through the nuclear membrane.
- The early proteins transcribed are used in the regulation of genetic replication of the virus.
- The virion host shutoff protein (VHS or UL41) is very important to viral replication.
- This enzyme shuts off protein synthesis in the host, degrades host mRNA, helps in viral replication, and regulates gene expression of viral proteins.
- An enzyme shuts off protein synthesis in the host, degrades host mRNA, helps in viral replication, and regulates gene expression of viral proteins.
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- Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur.
- However, in either cases, replication of the viral genome is highly dependent on a cellular state permissive to DNA replication and, thus, on the cell cycle.
- Polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses are all nuclear-replicating DNA viruses, each with their own specific approaches to replication.
- Polyomaviruses replicate in the nucleus of the host.
- Adenoviruses possess a linear dsDNA genome and are able to replicate in the nucleus of vertebrate cells using the host’s replication machinery.
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- The genetic material within virus particles and the method by which the material is replicated vary considerably between different types of viruses.
- DNA viruses: The genome replication of most DNA viruses takes place in the cell's nucleus.
- RNA viruses: Replication usually takes place in the cytoplasm.
- RNA viruses can be placed into four different groups, depending on their modes of replication.
- Reverse transcribing viruses with RNA genomes (retroviruses), use a DNA intermediate to replicate, whereas those with DNA genomes (pararetroviruses) use an RNA intermediate during genome replication.
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- Virologists describe the formation of viruses during the infection process in target host cells as viral replication.
- Viruses must first penetrate and enter the cell before viral replication can occur.
- Replication between viruses is varied and depends on the type of genes involved.
- Replication of viruses depends on the multiplication of the genome.
- Whenever the host divides, the viral genome is also replicated.
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- Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500 bp in length) and only code for proteins implicated in the transposition activity (they are thus different from other transposons, which also carry accessory genes such as antibiotic-resistance genes).
- These proteins are usually the transposase which catalyse the enzymatic reaction allowing the IS to move, and also one regulatory protein which either stimulates or inhibits the transposition activity.
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- Influenza A follows the typical life cycle of most influenza virus: infection and replication are a multi-step process.
- The infection and replication is a multi-step process:
- Drugs that inhibit neuraminidase, such as oseltamivir, therefore prevent the release of new infectious viruses and halt viral replication.
- Host invasion and replication cycle of an influenza virus.
- Contrast the roles of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase throughout the major stages of the replicative cycle of influenza A virus