humoral

Examples of humoral in the following topics:

• Adaptive Immunity and the Immunoglobulin Superfamily

  • There are two types of adaptive immune responses: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
  • Antibodies or Immunoglobulins bind antigens in the recognition phase and the effector phase of humoral immunity.
  • Describe the role of immunoglobulins in the adaptive immune response, specifically in humoral immunity

• Immunoassays for Disease

  • The immune system is composed of cellular and humoral elements.
  • The humoral component includes complement, lyzozyme, interferon, antibodies, and cytokines.

• Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated) Reactions

  • Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches: humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or serum) and cellular immunity, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells.

• Host Range

  • These represent the first line of defense, which functions to prevent or limit infection Examples of natural barriers include but are not limited to skin, the expression of surface receptors such as CD4, complement receptors, glycophorin, intercelullar adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) , mucus, a ciliated epithelium, low pH, and humoral and cellular components.

• Normal Microbiota and Host Relationships

  • There are a number of other humoral components of the nonspecific immune system as well.

• History of Epidemiology

  • Hippocrates believed sickness of the human body to be caused by an imbalance of the four Humors (air, fire, water and earth "atoms").
  • The cure to the sickness was to remove or add the humor in question to balance the body.

• Tests That Differentiate Between T Cells and B cells

  • B-cells are also white blood cells and are a vital part of the humoral immunity branch of the adaptive immune system.

• The Complement System

  • Subsequent work demonstrated that depletion of C3 impaired humoral immune responses and provided direct evidence that efficient adaptive responses were contingent on an intact complement system in some cases.

• Overview of the Immune System

  • A further subdivision of adaptive immunity is characterized by the cells involved; humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, whereas the protection provided by cell-mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes alone.
  • Humoral immunity is active when the organism generates its own antibodies, and passive when antibodies are transferred between individuals.

• Antibody Proteins and Antigen Binding

  • The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.