Examples of emerging infectious disease in the following topics:
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- An emerging infectious disease is a disease with a rate of incidence that has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens.
- Of growing concern are adverse synergistic interactions between emerging diseases and other infectious and non-infectious conditions leading to the development of novel syndemics.
- Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses.
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- Technology aids in the identification of new infectious agents, but it also contributes to the emergence of new diseases.
- The effects of new technology on the environment are related to the emergence of many infectious diseases.
- For example, Lyme disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and Lassa fever all emerged when humans began encountering the insect vector (for Lyme disease) or rodent host (for HPS and Lassa fever) of the causative agents in greater numbers than ever before.
- Factors related to the emergence of infectious diseases such as Legionnaire disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome include changing technologies: air conditioning systems and mass food production, respectively.
- Several human activities have led to the emergence and spread of new diseases:
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- For infectious diseases, it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).
- Diseases can emerge when existing parasites become pathogenic or when new pathogenic parasites enter a new host.
- In addition, human activity is involved with many emerging infectious diseases, such as environmental change enabling a parasite to occupy new niches.
- Diseases transferred from nonhuman to human hosts are known as zoonoses.
- Several human activities have led to the emergence and spread of new diseases, such as encroachment on wildlife habitats, changes in agriculture, the destruction of rain forests, uncontrolled urbanization, modern transport.
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- Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly.
- Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly.
- In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation.
- Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease.
- Second, an infectious agent must grow within the human body to cause disease; essentially it must amplify its own nucleic acids in order to cause a disease.
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- Vaccination is a proven way to prevent and even eradicate widespread outbreaks of life-threatening infectious diseases.
- Active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure (in response to actually contracting an infectious disease) or it may be acquired intentionally, via the administration of an antigen, commonly known as vaccination .
- Even today, the risk of contracting some of these infectious diseases, like measles and chicken pox, can have devastating, long-term complications, like blindness.
- Certain infectious diseases, such as Smallpox, have been completely eradicated.
- By these vaccinated children not contracting these diseases, their parents, grandparents, friends and relatives (not vaccinated against these diseases themselves) will also be protected.
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- The process of identifying infectious diseases is complex and requires identification of the agent through direct or indirect means.
- The first tool in diagnosing microbial disease is microbial cultures.
- It is critical to isolate the infectious agent in a pure culture containing only the infectious bacteria.
- An additional tool utilized for microbial disease diagnosis is microscopy.
- Biochemical tests are also used to help in microbial disease diagnosis.
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- New vaccines are being developed to control recent infectious disease epidemics and cancers.
- Even in the poorest countries, immunizations have been able to achieve significant progress in disease control.
- A number of new vaccines with major potential for controlling infectious diseases have just been licensed or are at advanced stages of development.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) facilitates the development of vaccines against infectious diseases of major public health importance, helps improve existing immunization technologies, and ensures that these advances are made available to the people who need them the most.
- Describe how new vaccines are being developed to help eradicate several infectious global diseases
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- A pathogen or infectious agent is a microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease in its host.
- Their theory was developed to explain the discovery that the mysterious infectious agent causing the diseases scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease resisted ionizing radiation.
- A pathogen or infectious agent is a microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease in its host.
- Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases.
- These abnormally-folded proteins are found characteristically in some diseases such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease), and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
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- Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that infectious agents could be responsible for disease without fulfilling all of the postulates.
- Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that some infectious agents were clearly responsible for disease, even though they did not fulfill all of the postulates.
- Currently, a number of infectious agents are accepted as the cause of diseases despite their not fulfilling all of Koch's postulates.
- Asymptomatic or subclinical infection carriers are now known to be a common feature of many infectious diseases, especially viruses such as polio, herpes simplex, HIV, and hepatitis C.
- The third postulate specifies "should", not "must", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will acquire the infection.
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- Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the parasite population or the introduction of a new parasite to a host population (by movement of parasites or hosts).
- A few cases of a very rare disease may be classified as an epidemic, while many cases of a common disease (such as the common cold) would not.
- Influenza is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses .
- An avian strain named H5N1 raised the concern of a new influenza pandemic after it emerged in Asia in the 1990s, but it has not evolved to a form that spreads easily between people.
- Initially dubbed "swine flu" and also known as influenza A/H1N1, it emerged in Mexico, the United States, and several other nations.