crown group

Examples of crown group in the following topics:

• Phylogeny of the Eukarya

  • The group also includes many unicellular organisms.
  • rRNA trees constructed during the 1980s and 1990s left most eukaryotes in an unresolved crown group, which was usually divided by the form of the mitochondrial cristae.
  • The few groups that lack mitochondria branched separately, and so the absence was believed to be primitive.
  • There is widespread agreement that the Rhizaria belong with the Stramenopiles and the Alveolata, in a clade dubbed the SAR supergroup, so that Rhizara is not one of the main eukaryote groups.
  • The Opisthokonta group includes both animals (Metazoa) and fungi.

• Colds

  • Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that have a halo, or crown-like (corona) appearance when viewed under an electron microscope.

• Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

  • Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that have a halo, or crown-like (corona) appearance when viewed under an electron microscope.

• Agrobacterium and Crown Gall Disease

  • Argobacterium causes Crown Gall Disease by transferring a DNA plasmid to the host plant, causing the host to make nutrients for it.
  • Crown Gall Disease is caused by a bacteria called Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
  • In the case of Crown Gall Disease, A. tumefaciens transfers a plasmid containing T-DNA into the cells of its host plant through conjugation, as it would with another bacteria.

• Characteristics of Helminths

  • The parasitic intestinal helminths can be divided into three groups which include Nematodes (roundworms), Cestodes (tapeworms), and Trematodes (flukes).
  • These attachment organs include bothria (sucking grooves: Cestodes or tapeworms, which may also have a rostellum (crown of thorns with hooks); Old World Hookworms: cutting teeth; New World Hookworms: cutting plate.
  • The three commonly studied and well-known groups include the intestinal Nematodes (round worms), tapeworms (Cestodes), and blood, tissue and organ flukes (Trematodes).

• Opisthokonts: Animals and Fungi

  • The opisthokonts, or "fungi/metazoa group", are a broad group of eukaryotes, including both the animal and fungus kingdoms, together with the eukaryotic microorganisms that are sometimes grouped in the paraphyletic phylum choanozoa (previously assigned to the protist "kingdom").
  • Both genetic and ultrastructural studies strongly support that opisthokonts form a monophyletic group.
  • This gives the group its name.
  • In contrast, flagellate cells in other eukaryote groups propel themselves with one or more anterior flagellae.
  • Early phylogenies placed opisthokonts near the plants and other groups that have mitochondria with flat cristae, but this character varies.

• Overview of Proteobacteria

  • The Proteobacteria are a major group (phylum) of bacteria .
  • In 1987, Carl Woese established this grouping, and informally called it the "purple bacteria and their relatives".
  • Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, the Proteobacteria are named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea, capable of assuming many different shapes, and it is therefore not named after the genus Proteus.
  • The last include the myxobacteria, a unique group of bacteria that can aggregate to form multicellular fruiting bodies.
  • The group is defined primarily in terms of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.

• Oxidoreductase Protein Complexes

  • This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP or NAD+ as cofactors.
  • Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses: EC 1.1 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-OH group of donors (alcohol oxidoreductases); EC 1.2 includes oxidoreductases that act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors; EC 1.3 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-CH group of donors (CH-CH oxidoreductases); EC 1.4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH2 group of donors (Amino acid oxidoreductases, Monoamine oxidase); EC 1.5 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH-NH group of donors; EC 1.6 includes oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH; EC 1.7 includes oxidoreductases that act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors; EC 1.8 includes oxidoreductases that act on a sulfur group of donors; EC 1.9 includes oxidoreductases that act on a heme group of donors; EC 1.10 includes oxidoreductases that act on diphenols and related substances as donors; EC 1.11 includes oxidoreductases that act on peroxide as an acceptor (peroxidases); EC 1.12 includes oxidoreductases that act on hydrogen as donors; EC 1.13 includes oxidoreductases that act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases); EC 1.14 includes oxidoreductases that act on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen; EC 1.15 includes oxidoreductases that act on superoxide radicals as acceptors; EC 1.16 includes oxidoreductases that oxidize metal ions; EC 1.17 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH or CH2 groups; EC 1.18 includes oxidoreductases that act on iron-sulfur proteins as donors; EC 1.19 includes oxidoreductases that act on reduced flavodoxin as a donor; EC 1.20 includes oxidoreductases that act on phosphorus or arsenic in donors; EC 1.21 includes oxidoreductases that act on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond; and EC 1.97 includes other oxidoreductases.

• Classification of Microorganisms

  • The first, largest, and most inclusive group under which organisms are classified is called a domain and has three subgroups: bacteria, archae, and eukarya.
  • This first group defines whether an organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote.
  • The second largest group is called a kingdom.
  • A kingdom is further split into phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species, which is the smallest group .
  • The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy and the groups making up the classification hierarchy are called taxa.

• Group B Streptococcus Colonization

  • Group B streptococcus is part of the natural microflora in some people, but can sometimes cause life-threatening infections.
  • Group B streptococcus (GBS), also called streptococcus agalactiae or simply strep B, is part of the natural genital and intestinal microflora in some people.
  • The bacteria is gram-positive streptococcus, and possesses the group B antigen from the Lancefield classification.
  • Describe the pathogenic characteristics, symptoms and diagnostic test used for Group B streptococcus (GBS)