Examples of antimicrobial in the following topics:
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- Development of microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents requires alterations in the microbe's cell physiology and structure.
- An example of antimicrobial resistance mediated by anaerobic atmosphere is the shutdown of bacterial protein synthesis by aminoglycosides.
- Development of microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents requires alterations in the microbe's cell physiology and structure.
- Some common pathways bacteria use to effect antimicrobial resistance include: enzymatic degradation or modification of the antimicrobial agent, decreased uptake or accumulation of the antimicrobial agent, altered antimicrobial target, circumvention of consequences of antimicrobial actions, uncoupling of antimicrobial agent-target interaction, or any combination of these mechanisms.
- Describe the mechanisms bacteria use to develop antimicrobial resistance and the factors that can lead to it
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- In contrast to the clonal, acquired adaptive immunity, endogenous peptide antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides provide a fast and energy-effective mechanism as front-line defense.
- Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular weight proteins with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
- In addition to important antimicrobial properties, growing evidence indicates that AMPs alter the host immune response through receptor-dependent interactions.
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- Disinfectants are antimicrobial substances used on non-living objects or outside the body.
- Antimicrobials include not just antibiotics, but synthetically formed compounds as well.
- Now, most of these infections can be cured easily with a short course of antimicrobials.
- However, with the development of antimicrobials, microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous antimicrobial agents.
- Recall the synthetic antimicrobial drugs that are sulfonamide and sulphonamide based
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- Antimicrobial resistance has created a public health crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases and necessitates the discovery of new drugs.
- Research on new antimicrobial compounds is geared towards innovative targets to circumvent resistance.
- The initiative to develop new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed but is a long process from invention, to development, to actual clinical application.
- It is also necessary to initiate a worldwide awareness on antibiotic misuse and overuse as a mean to address the root of the problem for antimicrobial resistance.
- Explain the reasons for low production of new antibiotics and discuss the proposed mechanisms to evade antimicrobial resistance
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- Antimicrobial peptides are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response and are found among all classes of life.
- Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides.
- Antimicrobial peptides generally consist of between 12 and 50 amino acids.
- This amphipathicity of the antimicrobial peptides allows the partition of the membrane lipid bilayer.
- Several methods have been used to determine the mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide activity.
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- Antimicrobial drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis through differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes.
- Antimicrobial drugs can target nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) synthesis.
- Antimicrobial drugs have been developed to target each of these steps.
- For example, the antimicrobial rifampin binds to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting the initiation of RNA transcription.
- Any of the steps in the process of DNA replication can be targeted by antimicrobial drugs.
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- Disinfectants are antimicrobial substances used on non-living objects or outside the body.
- Now, most of these infections can be cured easily with a short course of antimicrobials.
- However, with the development of antimicrobials, microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous antimicrobial agents.
- Antimicrobial nanotechnology is a recent addition to the fight against disease causing organisms.
- Discuss the mechanism of action for protein synthesis inhibitors used as antimicrobial drugs, and recognize various naturally occuring antimicrobial drugs
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- The era of antimicrobials begins when Pasteur and Joubert discover that one type of bacteria could prevent the growth of another.
- The history of antimicrobials begins with the observations of Pasteur and Koch, who discovered that one type of bacteria could prevent the growth of another.
- The discovery of antimicrobials like penicillin by Alexander Fleming and tetracycline paved the way for better health for millions around the world.
- Now, most of these infections can be cured easily with a short course of antimicrobials.
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- Our bodies depend upon, and host, a vast number of complex microbial flora that can be affected negatively by antimicrobial treatments.
- This is especially a problem when broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are used, as antimicrobial treatments while helping to clear up pathogenic microbes from the body will often kill symbiotic bacteria.
- Antimicrobial agents which can kill beneficial gut flora can reduce the numbers of individual microbes or reduce the species of beneficial bacteria.
- Fortunately there are antimicrobial agents that specifically target pathogenic bacterial species, which opposed to broad-spectrum treatments can reduce harmful effects on beneficial microbes.
- Sometimes the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents is unavoidable; in these situations, consuming foods such as yogurt which contains beneficial bacteria can replenish the body's symbiotic microbes.
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- A wide variety of chemicals called antimicrobial agents are available for controlling the growth of microbes.
- No single antimicrobial agent is most effective for use in all situations - different situations may call for different agents.
- A number of factors affect selection of the best agent for any given situation - Antimicrobial agents must be selected with specific organisms and environmental conditions in mind.
- Additional variables to consider in the selection of an antimicrobial agent include pH, solubility, toxicity, organic material present, and cost.
- Describe the types of antimicrobial agents available for controlling the growth of microbes