Works Progress Administration

Examples of Works Progress Administration in the following topics:

• Competing Solutions

  • The creation of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933).
  • The Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) was the first large-scale public work project.
  • The program was replaced by the Works Progress Administration in 1935.
  • Civil Works Administration (1933/34) provided temporary jobs to millions of unemployed.
  • Photograph of Works Progress Administration Worker Receiving Paycheck, Records of the Work Projects Administration, National Archives

• The Great Depression and the New Deal

  • It included a national work program, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which made the federal government by far the largest single employer in the nation.
  • The Federal Emergency Relief Administration, for instance, provided $500 million for relief operations by states and cities, while the short-lived CWA (Civil Works Administration) gave localities money to operate make-work projects in 1933-34.
  • The "Second New Deal" in 1935–38 included the Wagner Act to promote labor unions, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program, the Social Security Act, and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers.
  • The final major items of New Deal legislation were the creation of the United States Housing Authority and Farm Security Administration, both in 1937, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set maximum hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers.
  • The Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the first version of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) unconstitutional, although the AAA was rewritten and then upheld.

• The Varieties of Progressivism

  • Purification to eliminate waste and corruption was a powerful element, as well as the Progressives' support of worker compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a support for a maximum hours that workers could work for, graduated income tax and allowed women the right to vote.
  • The result was "municipal administration," which effectively managed legal processes, market transactions, bureaucratic administration, and urban reform.
  • Progressives advocated to expand and improve public and private education at all levels.
  • Pro-labor progressives such as Samuel Gompers argued that industrial monopolies were unnatural economic institutions which suppressed the competition which was necessary for progress and improvement.
  • Wilson uses tariff, currency and anti-trust laws to prime the pump and get the economy working in a 1913 political cartoon.

• Social Justice

  • The Progressive Era witnessed an increasing interest in social reforms.
  • Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than warm-hearted amateurs.
  • In The Jungle (1906), socialist Upton Sinclair repelled readers with descriptions of Chicago's meatpacking plants, prompting many Americans to rally behind the federally-mandated remedial food safety legislation passed under Roosevelt's administration.
  • Leading intellectuals also shaped the political and social progressive mentality.
  • In general, it targeted privilege, unfair wealth gaps, poverty, irresponsible administration, and all forms of social and political corruption, which Progressives believed were retarding the expansion and growth of a more egalitarian, democratic nation.

• Using a Learning Management System

  • A Learning Management System is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of e-learning education courses.
  • An LMS delivers content but also handles registering for courses, course administration, skills gap analysis, tracking, and reporting.
  • Most learning management systems are web-based to facilitate access to learning content and administration.
  • Learn how LMS software helps instructors and organizations to develop and deliver online courses, as well as track and report the progress of learners.
  • Video explains how online Learning Management System work as a web-based training and learning platform to provide a complete e-learning solution to companies as well as educational institutions.

• Features of Progressivism

  • In addition, the Progressive Era saw many cities set up municipal reference bureaus to study the budgets and administrative structures of local governments, thereby making them more efficient.
  • Progressives believed the family was the cornerstone of American society, and that government, especially municipal government, must work to solidify and support the family.
  • Progressives tirelessly worked to reform and modernize schools at the local level.
  • Progressive scholars, based at emerging research universities such as Harvard, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, Chicago, Michigan, Wisconsin and California, worked to modernize their disciplines.
  • President Wilson uses tariff, currency, and anti-trust laws to prime the pump and get the economy working.

• The Retreat from Progressivism

  • The 1920s saw a rejection of the Progressive ideology of Woodrow Wilson; however progressive ideals continued in various ways.
  • One main goal of the Progressive movement was purification of government.
  • The election was seen, in part, as a rejection of the "progressive" ideology of the Woodrow Wilson Administration in favor of the "laissez-faire" approach of the William McKinley era.
  • The work was not nearly as dramatic as the suffrage crusade, but women voted and operated quietly and effectively.
  • Describe the central components of the turn away from progressivism that characterized the Harding administration

• Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism

  • The 1883 Civil Service Reform Act (or Pendleton Act), which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system", permitted the professionalization and rationalization of the federal administration.
  • The Progressive Movement lasted through the 1920s; the most active period was 1900–18.
  • Furthermore, racism often pervaded most progressive reform efforts, as evidenced by the suffrage movement.
  • At the local, municipal, and state level, various Progressive reformers advocated for disparate goals that ranged as wide as prison reform, education, government reorganization, urban improvement, prohibition, female suffrage, birth control, improved working conditions, labor reform, and child labor reform.
  • Summarize the successes and failures of Progressive efforts during this era

• Civilizing the City

  • The Progressives worked hard to reform and modernize schools at the local level.
  • During the Progressive Era, many states began passing compulsory schooling laws.
  • Progressives believed that the family was the foundation stone of American society, and the government, especially municipal government, must work to strengthen and enhance the family.
  • Many cities set up municipal reference bureaus to study the budgets and administrative structures of local governments.
  • Progressive mayors were important in many cities, especially in the western states.

• The Progressive Era

  • The Progressive Era was one of general prosperity after the Panic of 1893; a severe depression that ended in 1897.
  • Government agencies were also transformed in an effort to improve administrative efficiency.
  • The federal government responded to Sinclair's book and The Neill-Reynolds Report with the new regulatory Food and Drug Administration.
  • President Wilson uses tariff, currency, and anti-trust laws to prime the pump and get the economy working.
  • Discuss the economic policies of the Progressive Era in the United States.