Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748

Examples of Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 in the following topics:

• The Diplomatic Revolution

  • Maria Theresa of Austria had signed the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 in order to gain time to rebuild her military forces and forge new alliances.
  • The 1748 Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, after the War of the Austrian Succession, left Austria aware of the high price it paid for having Britain as an ally.
  • One year after the signing of the First Treaty of Versailles, France and Austria signed a new offensive alliance, the Second Treaty of Versailles (1757).
  • This map shows Europe in the years after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748 and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).
  • Although the War of Austrian Succession concluded with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), nearly all major powers involved were not satisfied with its outcome.

• France's Fiscal Woes

  • During his reign, France fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession.
  • There were also two lesser conflicts: the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions.
  • Fleury's rule was in fact the most peaceful and prosperous period of the reign of Louis XV.
  • After the financial and social disruptions suffered at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the rule of Fleury is seen by historians as a period of "recovery."
  • As a result of lost wars, Louis was forced to return the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium), territory won at the Battle of Fontenoy of 1745, but given back to Austria by the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748.

• Empires in Conflict

  • The War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748) began over Britain's supplying slaves and goods to the Spanish colonies in North America .
  • By the Treaty of Utrecht, Britain gained Acadia, the island of Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of St.
  • The war merged into the War of Jenkin's Ear against Spain, and ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
  • The Battle of Fontenoy was an engagement in the larger War of the Austrian Succession, which involved most of the powers of Europe.
  • A New & Correct Map of the Trading Part of the West Indies Including the Seat of War Between Gr.

• Territorial Losses

  • Despite his victory, Louis XV, who wanted to appear as an arbiter and not as a conqueror, agreed to restore all his conquests back to the defeated enemies with chivalry at the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, arguing that he was "king of France, not a shopkeeper."
  • The military successes of the War of the Austrian Succession inclined the French public to overlook Louis's adulteries, but after 1748, in the wake of the anger over the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, pamphlets against the king's mistresses became increasingly widely published and read.
  • The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle turned out to be only a short-lived truce in the conflict between Austria and Prussia over the province of Silesia while France and Britain were in conflict over colonial possessions.
  • The Treaty of Paris was to give Britain the east side of the Mississippi.
  • Europe in the years after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, source: Wikipedia.

• European Wars in the Colonies

  • The War of Jenkins' Ear (1739–1748) began over Britain's supplying slaves and goods to the Spanish colonies in North America.
  • The war ended in 1713, and by the Treaty of Utrecht, Britain gained Acadia, the island of Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of St.
  • King George's War, 1744–1748, was the North American phase of the concurrent War of the Austrian Succession.
  • The war merged into the War of Jenkins' Ear against Spain and ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, under which the French regained Fortress Louisbourg.
  • The war continued until 1763, when the French signed the Treaty of Paris and essentially forfeited the land of New France, ending their power on the continent.

• The Pragmatic Sanction

  • The Head of the House of Habsburg ruled the Archduchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Italian territories awarded to Austria by the Treaty of Utrecht (Duchy of Milan, Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily), and the Austrian Netherlands.
  • In 1700, the senior (oldest, first-in-line) branch of the House of Habsburg became extinct with the death of Charles II of Spain.
  • In 1703, Charles and Joseph, the sons of Leopold, signed the Mutual Pact of Succession, granting succession rights to the daughters of Joseph and Charles in case of complete extinction of the male line, but favoring Joseph's daughters over Charles's because Joseph was older.
  • His son, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, renounced claims on Austria in exchange for the return of his paternal duchy of Bavaria.
  • The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, finally recognized Maria Theresa's rule over the Habsburg hereditary lands.

• Carolingian Architecture in the Early European Middle Ages

  • By contrast, the Palatine Chapel in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), with its sixteen-sided ambulatory and overhead gallery, was inspired by the Byzantine-style octagonal church of San Vitale in Ravenna.
  • The chapel makes use of ancient spolia, conceivably from Ravenna, as well as newly carved materials.
  • Like San Vitale, the Palatine Chapel is a centrally-planned church whose dome serves as its focal point.
  • This exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers, while the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave.
  • The heavy masonry throughout the façade recalls the massive appearance of the interior of the Palatine Chapel.

• Louis XIV's Wars

  • However, his claims to the Spanish Netherlands were tenuous: in 1659, France and Spain had concluded the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended 24 years of war between the two states.
  • With the Treaty, King Philip IV of Spain had to cede certain territories and consent to the marriage of his daughter Maria Theresa of Spain to young Louis XIV. 
  • However, a Triple Alliance of England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic forced  France to give most of it back in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
  • After years of fighting and a series of exhausting battles, the 1678-79 Treaties of Nijmegen were signed between France, the Dutch Republic, the Holy Roman Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Swedish Empire, ending the Franco-Dutch War with the Franche-Comté and the Spanish Netherlands belonging to France, making it Europe's strongest power.
  • By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) Louis XIV retained the whole of Alsace but he was forced to return Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine.

• The Ostend Manifesto and Cuba

  • At the suggestion of Secretary of State William L.
  • The resulting dispatch, drafted at Aix-la-Chapelle in October 1854, outlined the reasons the U.S. purchase of Cuba would be beneficial to all parties involved and declared that the United States would be "justified in wresting" the island from Spanish hands if Spain refused to sell.
  • Prominent among the reasons for annexation outlined in the Ostend Manifesto were fears of a possible slave revolt in Cuba, the likes of which had already occurred in Haiti, in the absence of U.S. intervention.
  • As a result, the dispatch was published in full at the behest of the House of Representatives.
  • American Free-Soilers, recently angered by the Fugitive Slave Law (passed as part of the Compromise of 1850), decried the Manifesto, dubbed by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune as “The Manifesto of the Brigands”, unconstitutional.