transformation

Examples of transformation in the following topics:

• Linear Transformations

  • Often it is necessary to transform data from one measurement scale to another.
  • To transform feet to inches, you simply multiply by 12.
  • Similarly, to transform inches to feet, you divide by 12.
  • The transformation consists of multiplying by a constant and then adding a second constant.
  • Such transformations are therefore called linear transformations.

• Transactional Versus Transformational Leaders

  • Transactional leaders are concerned about the status quo, while transformational leaders are more change-oriented.
  • Leadership can be described as transactional or transformational.
  • Transformational leaders work to enhance the motivation and engagement of followers by directing their behavior toward a shared vision.
  • Transactional leaders work within existing an organizational culture, while transformational leaders emphasize new ideas and thereby "transform" organizational culture.
  • Differentiate between transactional leaders and transformational leaders in a full-range approach, particularly from a behavioral perspective

• Exercises

  • If the arithmetic mean of log10 transformed data were 3, what would be the geometric mean?
  • Using Tukey's ladder of transformation, transform the following data using a λof 0.5: 9, 16, 25
  • In the ADHD case study, transform the data in the placebo condition (D0) with λ's of .5, 0, -.5, and -1.
  • Which transformation leads to the least skew?

• Transformers

  • Transformers transform voltages from one value to another; its function is governed by the transformer equation.
  • Transformers change voltages from one value to another.
  • A step-up transformer is one that increases voltage, whereas a step-down transformer decreases voltage.
  • A symbol of the transformer is also shown below the diagram.
  • Apply the transformer equation to compare the secondary and primary voltages

• Log Transformations

  • State how a log transformation can help make a relationship clear
  • The log transformation can be used to make highly skewed distributions less skewed.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of how a log transformation can make patterns more visible.
  • The raw weights are shown in the upper panel; the log-transformed weights are plotted in the lower panel.
  • The comparison of the means of log-transformed data is actually a comparison of geometric means.

• Effects of Linear Transformations

  • This section covers the effects of linear transformations on measures of central tendency and variability.
  • Let's start with an example we saw before in the section that defined linear transformation: temperatures of cities.
  • Recall that to transform the degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, we use the formula
  • To sum up, if a variable X has a mean of μ, a standard deviation of σ, and a variance of σ2, then a new variable Y created using the linear transformation
  • It should be noted that the term "linear transformation" is defined differently in the field of linear algebra.

• Multistep Transformations

  • A one-pot reaction in which a starting compound is transformed into a skeletally rearranged product by way of several unremarkable steps may appear to be extraordinary and unexpected.
  • The nature of the transformation of santonin to santonic acid remained unknown for many years, but was resolved in 1948 by the work of R.

• Meaning Making

  • Meaning making refers to the transformation of learners' assumptions and offers a new interpretation of their prior assumptions.
  • This process emphasizes that transformative learning is not a goal of learning, but rather a process of helping learners become more autonomous in their learning.
  • Thus, transformative learning is, in a sense, the deconstruction of learners' prior assumptions through critical reflection as well as the reconstruction of their assumptions through meaning making.

• Box-Cox Transformations

  • To see how the transformation works, look at the examples in Figure 1.
  • each of the predictor variables xj can be transformed.
  • Occasionally, the response variable y may be transformed.
  • Examples of the Box-Cox transformation versus log(x) for −2 < λ< 3.
  • (R) The log-transform with λ = 0

• Meaning perspectives

  • Transformation of meaning perspectives is more rare than the transformation of meaning schemes.
  • Transformative learning does not happen by itself; it takes place when learners face a radically different and incongruent situation or information that cannot be assimilated into their meaning perspective.
  • Learners' experiences significantly affect their perspectives, an interpretation of experience, which is a part of transformative learning.
  • Further, Mezirow's transformation of a meaning perspective aligns quite well with Piaget's accommodation.
  • The transformative learning theory has held three common themes from the beginning of its proposal in 1978 by Jack Mezirow, which are centrality of experience, critical reflection, and rational discourse (Taylor, 1998).