phylogeny

Examples of phylogeny in the following topics:

• Phylogeny of the Eukarya

• Phylogenetic Analysis

  • Even though we will never know for certain the true phylogeny of any organism, phylogenetic analysis provides best assumptions, thereby providing a framework for various disciplines in microbiology.
  • Due to the technological innovation of modern molecular biology and the rapid advancement in computational science, accurate inference of the phylogeny of a gene or organism seems possible in the near future.
  • Gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny.
  • In this context, MLSA is implemented in a relatively straightforward way, consisting essentially in the concatenation of several sequence partitions for the same set of organisms, resulting in a "supermatrix" which is used to infer a phylogeny by means of distance-matrix or optimality criterion-based methods.
  • It has been used to solve difficult phylogenetic questions such as the relationships among the major groups of cetaceans, that of microsporidia and fungi, or the phylogeny of major plant lineages.

• The Taxonomic Scheme

  • Until the advent of molecular phylogeny the Kingdom Prokaryotae was divided into four divisions, a classification scheme still formally followed by Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology.The various species differ amongst each other based on several characteristics determined by gram staining, which allowed their identification and classification.
  • In the Molecular era of classification, Carl Woese, who is regarded as the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, argued that the bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes represent separate lines of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral colony of organisms.

• Superphylum Ecdysozoa

  • There are two main hypotheses about the phylogeny of the Ecdysozoans.
  • The other idea about the phylogeny of the Ecdysozoa is called the coelomate hypothesis.

• The Deltaproteobacteria

  • The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.

• Genomic Similiarities between Distant Species

  • Phylogeny describes the relationships of an organism, such as the relationship with its ancestors and the species it is most closely related.
  • Genes have been shown to be passed between species which are only distantly related using standard phylogeny, thus adding a layer of complexity to the understanding of phylogenetic relationships.
  • The various ways that HGT occurs in prokaryotes is important to understanding phylogenies.

• Horizontal Gene Transfer

  • These transfers allow even distantly-related species (using standard phylogeny) to share genes, influencing their phenotypes.
  • These transfers allow even distantly-related species (using standard phylogeny) to share genes, influencing their phenotypes.
  • Explain how horizontal gene transfer can make resolution of phylogenies difficult

• Opisthokonts: Animals and Fungi

  • Early phylogenies placed opisthokonts near the plants and other groups that have mitochondria with flat cristae, but this character varies.

• Betaproteobacteria

  • The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.

• Cytophaga and Relatives

  • The Cytophaga species are now referred to as Flavobacterium due to further characterization and change in phylogeny.