terminal velocity

Examples of terminal velocity in the following topics:

• Vectors in Three Dimensions

  • A Euclidean vector is frequently represented by a line segment with a definite direction, or graphically as an arrow, connecting an initial point $A$ with a terminal point $B$, and denoted by $\vec{AB}$.
  • Vectors play an important role in physics: velocity and acceleration of a moving object and forces acting on it are all described by vectors.
  • In the Cartesian coordinate system, a vector can be represented by identifying the coordinates of its initial and terminal point.
  • A bound vector is determined by the coordinates of the terminal point, its initial point always having the coordinates of the origin $O = (0,0,0)$.

• Electric vs. Magnetic Forces

  • where B is the magnetic field vector, v is the velocity of the particle and θ is the angle between the magnetic field and the particle velocity.
  • If the particle velocity happens to be aligned parallel to the magnetic field, or is zero, the magnetic force will be zero.
  • If a particle of charge q moves with velocity v in the presence of an electric field E and a magnetic field B, then it will experience a force:
  • If multiple charges are involved, field lines are generated on positive charges, and terminate on negative ones.
  • In the case of magnets, field lines are generated on the north pole (+) and terminate on the south pole (-) - see the below figure.

• Relative Velocity

  • Relative velocity is the velocity of an object B measured with respect to the velocity of another object A, denoted as $v_{BA}$.
  • Relative velocity is the velocity of an object B, in the rest frame of another object A.
  • Is the velocity of the fly, $u$, the actual velocity of the fly?
  • No, because what you measured was the velocity of the fly relative to the velocity of the boat.
  • The velocity that you observe the man walking in will be the same velocity that he would be walking in if you both were on land.

• Tangent and Velocity Problems

  • Velocity is defined as rate of change of displacement.
  • The average velocity becomes instantaneous velocity at time t.
  • Instantaneous velocity is always tangential to trajectory.
  • Slope of tangent of position or displacement time graph is instantaneous velocity and its slope of chord is average velocity.
  • Its slope is the velocity at that point.

• Instananeous Velocity: A Graphical Interpretation

  • Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a single point in time and space as calculated by the slope of the tangent line.
  • Typically, motion is not with constant velocity nor speed.
  • However, changing velocity it is not as straightforward.
  • Since our velocity is constantly changing, we can estimate velocity in different ways.
  • Motion is often observed with changing velocity.

• Velocity and Duration of Muscle Contraction

  • The shortening velocity affects the amount of force generated by a muscle.
  • The force-velocity relationship in muscle relates the speed at which a muscle changes length to the force of this contraction and the resultant power output (force x velocity = power).
  • Though they have high velocity, they begin resting before reaching peak force.
  • As velocity increases force and power produced is reduced.
  • Maximum power is generated at one-third of maximum shortening velocity.

• Relativistic Addition of Velocities

  • A velocity-addition formula is an equation that relates the velocities of moving objects in different reference frames.
  • A velocity-addition formula is an equation that relates the velocities of moving objects in different reference frames.
  • As Galileo Galilei observed in 17th century, if a ship is moving relative to the shore at velocity $v$, and a fly is moving with velocity $u$ as measured on the ship, calculating the velocity of the fly as measured on the shore is what is meant by the addition of the velocities $v$ and $u$.
  • Since this is counter to what Galileo used to add velocities, there needs to be a new velocity addition law.
  • This change isn't noticeable at low velocities but as the velocity increases towards the speed of light it becomes important.

• Addition of Velocities

  • Relative velocities can be found by adding the velocity of the observed object to the velocity of the frame of reference it was measured in.
  • As learned in a previous atom, relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a certain frame of reference.
  • demonstrates the concept of relative velocity.
  • When she throws the snowball forward at a speed of 1.5 m/s, relative to the sled, the velocity of the snowball to the observer is the sum of the velocity of the sled and the velocity of the snowball relative to the sled:
  • The magnitude of the observed velocity from the shore is the square root sum of the squared velocity of the boat and the squared velocity of the river.

• Flow Rate and Velocity

  • A fluid in motion has a velocity, just as a solid object in motion has a velocity.
  • Like the velocity of a solid, the velocity of a fluid is the rate of change of position per unit of time.
  • The flow velocity vector is a function of position, and if the velocity of the fluid is not constant then it is also a function of time.
  • In SI units, fluid flow velocity is expressed in terms of meters per seconds.
  • The magnitude of the fluid flow velocity is the fluid flow speed.

• Constant Velocity

  • An object moving with constant velocity must have a constant speed in a constant direction.
  • Motion with constant velocity is one of the simplest forms of motion.
  • You can also obtain an object's velocity if you know its trace over time.
  • In graphical terms, the velocity can be interpreted as the slope of the line.
  • Examine the terms for constant velocity and how they apply to acceleration