stigma

Examples of stigma in the following topics:

• Deviance and Social Stigma

  • Stigma plays a primary role in sociological theory.
  • In his work, Goffman presented the fundamentals of stigma as a social theory, including his interpretation of "stigma" as a means of spoiling identity.
  • Goffman identified three main types of stigma: (1) stigma associated with mental illness; (2) stigma associated with physical deformation; and (3) stigma attached to identification with a particular race, ethnicity, religion, ideology, etc.
  • Ultimately, stigma is about social control.
  • Without a society, one cannot have stigma.

• Defining "Normal" and "Abnormal"

  • Unfortunately, stigma and discrimination can add to their suffering and disability.
  • A stigma is the societal disapproval and judgment of a person or group of people because they do not fit their community's social norms.
  • Experience of stigma or self-stigma can also lead to the following:
  • Stigmas are usually deeply ingrained in society over many years and so cannot be eradicated instantly.
  • The National Alliance on Mental Illness aims to reduce societal stigma and shaming of various mental illnesses.

• Pollination and Fertilization

  • In angiosperms, pollination is defined as the placement or transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same or a different flower.
  • Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
  • Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
  • By the time pollen matures and has been shed, the stigma of this flower is mature and can only be pollinated by pollen from another flower.
  • Primroses have evolved two flower types with differences in anther and stigma length: the pin-eyed flower and the thrum-eyed flower.

• Mendelian Crosses

  • In the pea, which is a naturally self-pollinating plant, this is done by manually transferring pollen from the anther of a mature pea plant of one variety to the stigma of a separate mature pea plant of the second variety.
  • In plants, pollen carries the male gametes (sperm) to the stigma, a sticky organ that traps pollen and allows the sperm to move down the pistil to the female gametes (ova) below.

• Angiosperm Flowers

  • Styles, stigmas, and ovules constitute the female organ: the gynoecium or carpel.
  • A long, thin structure called a style leads from the sticky stigma, where pollen is deposited, to the ovary, enclosed in the carpel.

• Classifying Abnormal Behavior: The DSM

  • Because the DSM is a system of labeling, it is often criticized for contributing to the creation of social stigma against those with mental illnesses.
  • In the context of mental illness, social stigma is characterized as prejudiced attitudes and discriminating behavior directed toward individuals with mental illness as a result of the label they have been given.
  • Stigma and discrimination can add to the suffering and disability of those who are diagnosed with a mental disorder.

• Theories of Deviance

  • Another important element of labeling theory involves the idea of stigma.
  • Stigma refers to the situation of the individual who is disqualified from full social acceptance because of some mark of infamy or disgrace or a label that is often difficult to hide or disguise.
  • Stigma extend the idea of labeling theory by illustrating how individual characteristics can be the basis for attaching labels that can be life-altering.
  • A good example of a stigma that is now increasingly difficult to hide is the publishing of convicted sex offender identities and information on websites (see here for an example).
  • The stigma is the past behavior - the sex offense - but this identity is relatively easily hidden as it impossible to pick a sex offender out of a crowd.

• Political Art: LGBT Rights and the AIDS Crisis

  • The AIDS Crisis that started in the 1980s led to increasing stigma against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, which in turn protested with political art and activism.
  • The perceived association between AIDS and homosexuality or bisexuality led to increased levels of stigma and prejudice against the LGBT community, which in turn galvanized the movement for LGBT rights.

• Garden Pea Characteristics Revealed the Basics of Heredity

  • Once these validations were complete, Mendel applied the pollen from a plant with violet flowers to the stigma of a plant with white flowers.
  • When Mendel transferred pollen from a plant with violet flowers to the stigma of a plant with white flowers and vice versa, he obtained about the same ratio regardless of which parent, male or female, contributed which trait.

• Norms and Sanctions

  • Informal deviance, or violation of unwritten, social rules of behavior, results in social sanction, or stigma.