pathology

Examples of pathology in the following topics:

• Dissociation

  • Dissociative experiences can be placed on a continuum from non-pathological to pathological, where pathological means "caused by a mental disorder."
  • At the non-pathological end of the spectrum, the term "dissociation" can be used to describe events as common as daydreaming during class.
  • At the pathological end of the dissociation spectrum are the dissociative disorders.
  • Pathological dissociation involves the dissociative disorders, including dissociative fugue and depersonalization disorder.

• Identification of Microbes Based on Molecular Genetics

  • Microbial nucleic acids should be found, preferentially in those organs or gross anatomic sites known to be diseased and not in those organs that lack pathology.
  • When sequence detection predates disease, or the sequence copy number correlates with severity of disease or pathology, the sequence-disease association is more likely to be a causal relationship.
  • Efforts should be made to demonstrate specific in situ hybridization of microbial sequence to areas of tissue pathology and to visible microorganisms or to areas where microorganisms are presumed to be located.

• Heart Murmurs

  • Heart murmurs are pathologic heart sounds indicative of valve and blood flow abnormalities.
  • Heart murmurs are pathologic heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent flow of blood sufficient to produce audible noise.
  • Such murmurs, known as pathologic murmurs, should be evaluated by an expert.

• Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • PNS satellite glia are very sensitive to injury and may exacerbate pathological pain.

• Applied Microbiology

  • This includes the study of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology and is related to the study of disease pathology and immunology.
  • Plant microbiology and plant pathology - The study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant pathogens.

• Brain Tumors

  • A brain tumor is a pathological abnormal growth of cells in the brain.

• Anastomoses

  • Such anastomoses occur normally in the body in the circulatory system, serving as backup routes for blood to flow if one link is blocked or otherwise compromised, but may also occur pathologically.
  • Pathological anastomoses result from trauma or disease and are usually referred to as fistulae, and can be very severe if they result in the bypassing of key tissues by the circulatory system.

• Transcytosis

• Impingement Syndrome

  • Plain x-rays of the shoulder can be used to detect some joint pathology and variations in the bones, including acromioclavicular arthritis, variations in the acromion, and calcification.
  • Ultrasonography, arthrography, and MRI can be used to detect rotator cuff muscle pathology .
  • A number of surgical interventions are available, depending on the nature and location of the pathology.

• Dissociative Disorders

  • Dissociative disorders involve a pathological separation from conscious awareness and range from mild to extreme.
  • Further along the continuum are non-pathological altered states of consciousness.
  • More pathological dissociation involves dissociative disorders.
  • These categories are used for forms of pathological dissociation that do not fully meet the criteria of the other dissociative disorders, or if the correct category has not been determined.