Examples of slave trade in the following topics:
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- Driven by the desire for raw materials, new trading outlets, and cheap labor, Europeans initiated an extensive slave trade out of West Africa.
- The major European slave trade began with Portugal’s exploration of the west coast of Africa in search of a trade route to the East.
- The Atlantic slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves was captured on raiding expeditions into the interior of West Africa.
- The expansion of European colonial powers to the New World increased the demand for slaves and made the slave trade much more lucrative to many West African powers, leading to the establishment of a number of West African empires that thrived on the slave trade.
- Examine how economic desires gave birth to and perpetuated the Atlantic slave trade
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- Triangular Trade was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
- The Atlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean, predominantly from the 16th to the 19th centuries.
- After the union with Spain, Portugal was prohibited from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier and so ceded control over the trade to the Dutch, British, and French.
- It is estimated that more than half of the slave trade took place during the 18th century, with the British as the biggest transporters of slaves across the Atlantic.
- Diagram of a slave ship from the Atlantic slave trade.
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- Despite their criticism, however, the British continued to permit the slave trade in other parts of the world.
- Another issue was what should be done about the international slave trade and slave importation.
- The agricultural economy of the US South especially depended on slavery and the internal slave trade to provide free labor.
- By for two decades prohibiting changes to the regulation of the slave trade, Article V effectively protected the trade until 1808.
- As the demand for slave labor in the Upper South decreased because of changes in crops, planters began selling their slaves to traders and markets to the Deep South in an internal slave trade.
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- African slaves were both easily identified (by their skin color) and plentiful, because of the thriving slave trade.
- The transatlantic slave trade operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies, and the European colonial powers.
- The route from Africa to the Americas was known as the Middle Passage as it was the middle portion of the triangular slave trade.
- In the Chesapeake region, the average slave owner owned one slave.
- Until 1808, when the importation of African slaves was outlawed, it was simply cheaper to work slaves to death and buy new ones than it was to take care of current slaves.
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- Each systems was characterized by the amount of work time required by the slave and also the amount of freedom given to the slave.
- This was particularly the case for slaves with knowledge about rice cultivation on rice plantations.
- Research suggests that the task system was an offshoot of the division of labor that was already in place in the African tribal systems before the Atlantic slave trade brought the slaves over to the American colonies.
- Slaves Waiting for Sale: Richmond, Virginia.
- Slaves were forced to work on plantations often under brutal conditions.
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- For instance, there were slaves who
employed white workers, slave doctors who treated upper-class white patients,
and slaves who rented out their labor.
- In
1850, a publication provided guidance to slave owners on how to produce the
"ideal slave":
- Following
the prohibition placed on the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the early nineteenth century, some slave owners attempted to improve the living conditions of their existing
slaves in order to deter them from running away.
- In the mid-nineteenth century,
slaving states passed laws making education of slaves illegal.
- In
Missouri, some slaveholders educated their slaves or permitted the slaves to
educate themselves.
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- Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans.
- These Africans were transported across the Atlantic as slaves and were then sold or traded for raw materials.
- While the treatment of slaves on the Middle Passage varied by ship and voyage, it was often horrific because captive Africans were considered less than human: they were cargo or goods, to be transported as cheaply and quickly as possible for trade.
- Commercial goods from Europe were shipped to Africa for sale and traded for enslaved Africans.
- African slaves were thereafter traded for raw materials, which were returned to Europe to complete the Triangular Trade.
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- The sexual abuse of slaves was a common occurrence in the antebellum South.
- "Slave
breeding" refers to those practices of slave ownership that aimed to influence
the reproduction of slaves in order to increase the profit and wealth of
slaveholders.
- Slave breeding
involved coerced sexual relations between male and female slaves, as well as
sexual relations between a master and his female slaves, with the intention of
producing slave children.
- Some female slaves called “fancy
maids” were sold at auction into concubinage or prostitution, which was termed
the “fancy trade.”
- Concubine slaves were the only class of female slaves who
sold for higher prices than skilled male slaves.
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- Slave codes were laws that were established in each state to define the status of slaves and the rights of their owners.
- In
practice, these codes placed harsh restrictions on slaves' already limited freedoms
and gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves.
- Occasionally slave codes provided slaves with legal
protection in the event of a legal dispute, but only at the discretion of the
slave’s owner.
- For
example, in Alabama, slaves were not allowed to leave the owner's premises
without written consent, nor were they allowed to trade goods among themselves.
- Owners refusing to abide by the slave code were fined and forfeited
ownership of their slaves.
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- It also had a massive impact on the treatment of slaves in the American South.
- This prompted an influx of both zealous slave owners and free African Americans, and the very existence of free African Americans in Richmond challenged the condition of Virginia as a slave state.
- Prior to the rebellion, Virginia law also had allowed the teaching of slaves to read and write and had encouraged their training in skilled trades.
- After plans for the rebellion were quelled, many slave holders greatly restricted the slaves' rights of travel.
- For many southern white slave owners, Gabriel's Rebellion proved that slaves would tend toward rebellion and resistance if not kept forcibly contained and controlled.