serotypes

Examples of serotypes in the following topics:

• Bacterial Foodborne Diseases

  • The raw spinach outbreak in 2006 was produced by the bacterium E. coli serotype O157:H7.
  • A serotype is a strain of bacteria that carries a set of similar antigens on its cell surface.
  • There are often many different serotypes of a bacterial species.
  • Most E. coli are not particularly dangerous to humans, but serotype O157:H7 can cause bloody diarrhea and is potentially fatal.
  • The strain that caused the outbreak was found to be a new serotype not previously involved in other outbreaks, which indicates that E. coli is continuously evolving.

• Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Adenoviruses

  • There are 57 described serotypes in humans, which are responsible for 5–10% of upper respiratory infections in children, and many infections in adults as well.
  • Different species/serotypes are associated with different conditions:
  • First, entry into the host cell is initiated by the knob domain of the fiber protein binding to a host cell receptor, either CD46 for the group B human adenovirus serotypes, or the coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor for all other serotypes.
  • Humans infected with adenoviruses display a wide range of responses, from no symptoms at all to the severe infections typical of Adenovirus serotype 14.
  • In the past, U.S. military recruits were vaccinated against two serotypes of adenoviruses, with a corresponding decrease in illnesses caused by those serotypes.

• Pathogenic Escherichia coli

  • Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in humans and other species.
  • Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in humans and other species.
  • The O antigen is a polymer of immunogenic repeating oligosaccharides which is used for serotyping E.coli.
  • Neonatal meningitis is produced by a serotype of E. coli that contains a capsular antigen called K1.

• Typhoid Fever

  • Typhoid fever is a common, worldwide bacterial disease transmitted by Salmonella typhi, serotype Typhi.
  • It is transmitted by the ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated with the feces of a person infected by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, serotype Typhi.

• Lymphogranuloma Venereum

  • Culturing is also used for identification of serotypes.

• Colds

  • The most commonly implicated virus is a rhinovirus (30–80%), a type of picornavirus with 99 known serotypes.

• Leptospirosis

  • There are at least five serotypes of importance in the United States and Canada, all of which cause disease in dogs (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, and Bratislava).There are other (less common) infectious strains as well.

• Cystitis

  • Several adenovirus serotypes have been associated with an acute, self-limited hemorrhagic cystitis, which occurs primarily in boys.

• History of Bacterial Diseases

  • Other Salmonella serotypes cause food poisoning.