Second Industrial Revolution

Examples of Second Industrial Revolution in the following topics:

• The Second Industrial Revolution

  • The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the "Technological Revolution," was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century.
  • The First Industrial Revolution, which ended in the early-mid 1800s, was punctuated by a slowdown in macroinventions before the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870.
  • A synergy between iron and steel, and railroads and coal developed at the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution.
  • Horses and mules remained important in agriculture until the development of the internal combustion tractor near the end of the Second Industrial Revolution.
  • The Second Industrial Revolution continued into the twentieth century with early factory electrification and the production line, and ended at the start of the World War I.

• Education and the Professions

  • Prior to the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, education in the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries varied considerably depending on one's location, race, gender, and social class.
  • The U.S. had its highest economic growth in the last two decades of the Second Industrial Revolution.
  • The demand for skilled workers increased relative to the labor needs of the First Industrial Revolution.
  • At the end of the century, workers experienced the Second Industrial Revolution, which involved mass production, scientific management, and the rapid development of managerial skills.
  • Identify several key technological innovations from the First and Second Industrial Revolutions

• Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine

  • During the Industrial Revolution (roughly 1750 to 1850) changes in technology had a profound effect on social and economic conditions.
  • Examples of the technological innovation of the Industrial Revolution include the invention of steam and coal engines.
  • The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.
  • The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians.
  • Analyze the shift from manual to machine based labor during the First and Second Industrial Revolutions

• Productivity Gains from Technology

  • Later, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, came publication of the Encyclopédie, written by numerous contributors and edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1751–72).
  • However, technological and economic progress did not proceed at a significant rate until the English Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century, and even then productivity grew about 0.5% annually.
  • High productivity growth began during the late 19th century in what is sometimes called the Second Industrial Revolution.
  • Most major innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution were based on the modern scientific understanding of chemistry, electromagnetism theory, and thermodynamics.
  • Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, some of the major contributors to productivity have been as follows:

• Japan's Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Work

  • In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution dramatically changed labor practices.
  • Before the Industrial Revolution, most production took place in homes or in small workshops.
  • After the Industrial Revolution, production increasingly took place in factories, many of which were situated together in industrial districts.
  • Industrial labor is defined as labor in industry.
  • Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on workers and the shift from small scale to large scale workforces

• The Industrial Revolution

  • The Industrial Revolution, which reached the United States by the 1800s, strongly influenced social and economic conditions.
  • The Industrial Revolution was a global phenomenon marked by the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to 1840.
  • The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom, and mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early nineteenth century.
  • Though the United States borrowed significantly from Europe's technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution, several great American inventions emerged at the turn of the nineteenth century that greatly affected manufacturing, communications, transportation, and commercial agriculture.
  • The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history.

• Industrialization and the Environment

  • During the Industrial Revolution, environmental pollution increased with the use of new sources of fuel, the development of large factories, and the rise of unsanitary urban centers.
  • The Industrial Revolution brought enormous advances in productivity, but with steep environmental costs.
  • During the Industrial Revolution, environmental pollution in the United States increased with the emergence of new sources of fuel, large factories, and sprawling urban centers.
  • Fossil fuels powered the Industrial Revolution.
  • The cholera outbreak of 1832 was related to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions that attended the Industrial Revolution.

• Romanticism

  • Romanticism, fueled by the French Revolution, was a reaction to the scientific rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment.
  • Though influenced by other artistic and intellectual movements, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution created the primary context from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged.
  • Upholding the ideals of the Revolution, Romanticism was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and also a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.
  • The Industrial Revolution also had an influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism.
  • Indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism.

• Red Scare

  • In a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, collectively known as the Russian Revolution, the Tsarist autocracy was dismantled and replaced by communists.
  • In the first revolution of February 1917 in Petrograd, now St.
  • In the second phase of the revolution, in October 1917, the Bolsheviks led by Lenin overthrew the Provisional Government and appointed themselves leaders of government ministries and seized control of the countryside.
  • Moreover, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) backed several labor strikes in 1916 and 1917 that the press portrayed as radical threats to American society inspired by left-wing, foreign agents provocateurs .
  • Army machine gunner holding off hordes of Reds and Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World party members).