renin

Examples of renin in the following topics:

• Long-Term Renal Regulation

  • Consistent and long-term control of blood pressure is determined by the renin-angiotensin system.
  • A key modulator of blood viscosity is the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS); a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water balance.
  • When blood volume is low, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation.
  • Plasma renin then carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen released by the liver to angiotensin I.
  • If the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is too active, blood pressure will be too high.

• Other Hormonal Controls for Osmoregulation

  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) stabilizes blood pressure and volume via the kidneys, liver, and adrenal cortex.
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance .
  • Defective renin production can cause a continued decrease in blood pressure and cardiac output.
  • Its actions suppress the actions of aldosterone, ADH, and renin.
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increases blood pressure and volume.

• Sodium Balance Regulation

  • Extra sodium is lost from the body by reducing the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which leads to increased sodium loss from the body.
  • A low renal perfusion pressure stimulates the release of renin, which forms angiotensin I which is converted to angiotensin II.
  • The perfusion pressure to the adrenal gland has little direct effect on aldosterone secretion and the low blood pressure operates to control aldosterone via the renin angiotensin system.
  • Regulation of sodium via the hormones renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone.

• Developmental Changes in Fluids

  • Hormonal mechanisms including the renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, and vasopressin are involved in modifying fetal renal excretion, reabsorption of sodium and water, and regulation of vascular volume.
  • Overview of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance.

• Regulation of Water Output

  • A fluid-insufficiency causes a decreased perfusion of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys, activating the renin-angiotensin system.
  • The activated renin-angiotensin system stimulates zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, which in turn secretes hormone aldosterone.
  • Overview of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance.

• Hormonal Regulation of the Excretory System

  • When blood pressure drops, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated.
  • Cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which regulates the functions of the nephrons of the kidney, detect this and release renin.
  • Renin, an enzyme, circulates in the blood, reacting with a plasma protein produced by the liver called angiotensinogen.
  • When angiotensinogen is cleaved by renin, it produces angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II in the lungs.
  • Angiotensin II, in turn, is formed when renin cleaves angiotensin.

• Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions

  • ANP also reduces the amounts of renin released by the kidneys and aldosterone released by the adrenal cortex, further preventing the retention of water.
  • Renin, released in response to decreased blood volume or pressure, is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that leads to the release of aldosterone.

• Nonrespiratory Air Movements

  • ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which are two important hormones in the renin-angiotensin feedback loop of the renal system.
  • The Renin-Angiotensin System is dependent on ACE from the lungs to regulate blood pressure.

• Adrenal Cortex

  • The cortex is regulated by neuroendocrine hormones secreted by the pituitary gland which are under the control of the hypothalamus, as well as by the renin-angiotensin system.
  • Its secretion is regulated by the oligopeptide angiotensin II (angiotensin II is regulated by angiotensin I, which in turn is regulated by renin).

• Congestive Heart Failure

  • Reduced perfusion (blood flow) to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin – an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the potent vasopressor angiotensin .
  • Reduced perfusion (blood flow) to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin, an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the potent vasopressor angiotensin.