regulatory

Examples of regulatory in the following topics:

• Regulatory T Cells

  • Regulatory T cells are a subset of T cells which modulate the immune system and keep immune reactions in check.
  • Regulatory T cells are a component of the immune system that suppress immune responses of other cells.
  • These cells are also called CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, or Tregs.
  • CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells have been called "naturally-occurring" regulatory T cells, to distinguish them from "suppressor" T cell populations that are generated in vitro.
  • An additional regulatory T cell subset, induced regulatory T cells, are also needed for tolerance and suppression.

• Regulatory Commissions

  • Independent regulatory agencies create and enforce regulations to protect the public at large.
  • An independent regulatory agency is separate from the other branches of the federal government.
  • To better understand how independent regulatory agencies function, let us consider the U.S.
  • Congress may determine that regulatory agencies are obsolete, for example, and may therefore discontinue funding them.
  • Use the work of the FDA as an example to describe the activity and mission of regulatory agencies more broadly

• Small Regulatory RNAs

  • Small regulatory RNAs encompass a specific class of RNAs that affect gene regulation.
  • These small regulatory RNAs play a critical role in gene regulation via numerous mechanisms.
  • There are numerous classes of small regulatory RNAs that play a key role in regulation.
  • The antisense RNAs are categorized as small regulatory RNAs due to their small size.
  • Small regulatory RNAs encompass many RNAs involved in house-keeping processes as well.

• Expanding Federal Power

  • A major part of Roosevelt's legacy is his conception of the executive branch as a source of regulatory powers for the "good" of the nation.
  • With his "big stick diplomacy" efforts in Latin America, as well as his efforts to expanding the regulatory power of the federal government in domestic matters, Roosevelt set a new precedent for his 20th century political successors.
  • Some of Roosevelt's most noteworthy legislative achievements, such as the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Hepburn Act, the Elkins Act, and his conservation laws embody this concept of the executive branch as an expansive source of regulatory powers for the "good" of the nation.
  • As some scholars have considered, Roosevelt's domestic policies, taken together, paved the way for the 1930s New Deal legislation as well as the modern regulatory state and centralized national authority with expansive political power.
  • To that end, by concentrating power in the executive and broadening the scope of federal regulatory power, Roosevelt was arguably attempting to create a modernized, Progressive United States that functioned seamlessly and in the better interests of the nation as a whole, rather than for local political authorities and wealthy interests.

• Government Failure

  • The are three specific regulatory inefficiencies:
  • Regulatory arbitrage occurs when a regulated institution takes advantage of the difference between its real risk and the regulatory position.
  • Regulatory capture occurs when regulatory agencies co-opt whether its the members or the entire regulated industry.
  • Mechanisms that allows regulatory capture include rent seeking and rational ignorance.
  • Regulatory risk is a risk faced by private sector firms when there is a chance that regulatory changes will negatively affect their business.

• Making Policy

  • However, the actual development and implementation of policies are under the purview of different bureaucratic institutions mainly comprised cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, government corporations, and regulatory agencies.
  • Another type of bureaucratic institution is a regulatory commission, an agency charged with writing rules and arbitrating disputes in a specific part of the economy.
  • Chairs and members of regulatory commissions are named by the president and confirmed by the Senate to terms of fixed length from which they cannot be summarily dismissed.
  • Probably the most prominent regulatory commission currently in the news is the Federal Reserve Board.
  • Differentiate between cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, government corporation, and regulatory agencies in making policy

• Regulatory Mechanisms for Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration can be controlled at each stage of glucose metabolism through various regulatory mechanisms.

• Deregulation

  • Regulatory reform is a parallel development alongside deregulation.
  • Such efforts, given impetus by the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, are embodied in the U.S.
  • Office of Management and Budget's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and the United Kingdom's Better Regulation Commission.
  • Another catalyst of reform has been regulatory innovations (such as emissions trading), usually suggested by economists..
  • Even when regulatory bodies started out functioning independently, a process known as regulatory capture often saw industry interests come to dominate those of the consumer.

• Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle

  • Regulator molecules may act individually or they can influence the activity or production of other regulatory proteins.
  • The second group of cell cycle regulatory molecules are negative regulators.
  • The best understood negative regulatory molecules are retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21.
  • In each case, the main cause of the unchecked progress through the cell cycle was a faulty copy of the regulatory protein.
  • Rb exerts its regulatory influence on other positive regulator proteins.

• What's Next?

  • That produced a new regulatory cautiousness at agencies like OSHA.
  • The EPA in the 1990s, under considerable legislative pressure, turned toward cajoling business to protect the environment rather than taking a tough regulatory approach.
  • The government, meanwhile, has tried to use price mechanisms to achieve regulatory goals, hoping this would be less disruptive to market forces.
  • Many states moved to end regulatory controls on electric utilities, which proved a very complicated issue because service areas were fragmented.