reading frame

Examples of reading frame in the following topics:

• Size Variation and ORF Contents in Genomes

  • An open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that varies in size and content in bacterial genomes.
  • In molecular genetics, an open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that contains no stop codons.
  • Open reading frames are used as one piece of evidence to assist in gene prediction.
  • Even a long open reading frame by itself is not conclusive evidence for the presence of a gene.
  • Thus, the last reading frame in this example contains a stop codon (TAA), unlike the first two.

• The Initiation Complex and Translation Rate

  • The start codon also establishes the reading frame for the mRNA strand, which is crucial to synthesizing the correct sequence of amino acids.
  • A shift in the reading frame results in mistranslation of the mRNA.
  • Once bound to the mRNA's 5' m7G cap, the 43S complex starts travelling down the mRNA until it reaches the initiation AUG codon at the start of the mRNA's reading frame.

• The Mass Media

  • Another key component in the formation of public opinion is framing.
  • Framing is when a story or piece of news is portrayed in a particular way and is meant to sway the consumers attitude one way or the other.
  • Most political issues are heavily framed in order to persuade voters to vote for a particular candidate.
  • For example, if Candidate X once voted on a bill that raised income taxes on the middle class, a framing headline would read "Candidate X Doesn't Care About the Middle Class".
  • This puts Candidate X in a negative frame to the news reader.

• Content

  • It supplies all the information a student is expected to read and understand in order to fulfill the linked learning objective.
  • While they are not a substitute for the full text, the key points can help students frame the reading and understand what they should be focusing on.
  • The key terms are the important vocabulary words a student should know after reading a concept.

• Learning Objectives

  • Each Boundless concept supports and is framed by its learning objective: the concrete expectation a student should be able to fulfill after reading.

• Modular Content

  • It outlines the expectation that a student should be able to fulfill after reading the supporting text and thus helps to frame the rest of the three-part content module.

• Reading Carefully and Closely

  • If you're closely reading a novel, here are some questions that might inform your reading: What is the author trying to do?
  • What is the time-frame and location of the novel's opening?
  • What follows is a list of questions commonly asked in close reading.
  • Just as a particularly insightful reading can elevate an argument, a faulty or poorly considered reading of a text can invalidate one.
  • Critical reading requires reading a text carefully and closely.

• Steel-Frame Construction

  • Steel frame construction is a building technique in which vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams form a 'skeleton frame'.
  • Steel frame usually refers to a building technique with a 'skeleton frame' of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof, and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame.
  • The steel frames need to be protected from fire, as steel softens at high temperature and can cause the building to partially collapse.
  • Steel framing is inherently less energy efficient than wood as it is a conductor.
  • Construction with steel framing contributes to thermal bridges between the outside environment and interior conditioned space.

• Understanding Concepts

  • A frame is a context for understanding or interpretation.
  • In the process of framing, the information being presented is based on the same facts, but the ‘frame' in which it is presented changes, thus creating different perception.
  • We do not look at an event and then "apply" a frame to it; rather we see the world itself through our pre-existing frames.
  • Frames are generally considered in one of two ways: as frames in thought, consisting of the mental representations, interpretations, and simplifications of reality; and as frames in communication, consisting of the communication of frames between different actors.
  • People only become aware of the frames they use when something forces them to replace one frame with another, or the frame is explicitly called to attention.

• Gallilean-Newtonian Relativity

  • An inertial frame is a reference frame in relative uniform motion to absolute space.
  • Consider two inertial frames S and S'.
  • By the second axiom above, one can synchronize the clock in the two frames and assume t = t'.
  • This transformation of variables between two inertial frames is called Galilean transformation .
  • Assuming that mass is invariant in all inertial frames, the above equation shows that Newton's laws of mechanics, if valid in one frame, must hold for all frames.