radiocarbon dating

Examples of radiocarbon dating in the following topics:

• Half-Life and Rate of Decay; Carbon-14 Dating

  • Radiocarbon dating (usually referred to simply as carbon-14 dating) is a radiometric dating method.
  • One of the most frequent uses of radiocarbon dating is to estimate the age of organic remains from archaeological sites.
  • The technique of radiocarbon dating was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1949.
  • He demonstrated the accuracy of radiocarbon dating by accurately estimating the age of wood from a series of samples for which the age was known, including an ancient Egyptian royal barge dating from 1850 BCE.
  • Identify the age of materials that can be approximately determined using radiocarbon dating

• Carbon Dating and Estimating Fossil Age

  • The age of fossils can be determined using stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and radiocarbon dating.
  • Paleontologists rely on stratigraphy to date fossils.
  • Beds that preserve fossils typically lack the radioactive elements needed for radiometric dating ("radiocarbon dating" or simply "carbon dating").
  • The principle of radiocarbon dating is simple: the rates at which various radioactive elements decay are known, and the ratio of the radioactive element to its decay products shows how long the radioactive element has existed in the rock.
  • The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, so carbon dating is only relevant for dating fossils less than 60,000 years old.

• Isotopes

  • Animals eat the plants and, ultimately, the radiocarbon is distributed throughout the biosphere.
  • Because the half-life of 14C is long, it is used to date formerly-living objects such as old bones or wood.
  • This technique is called radiocarbon dating, or carbon dating for short.
  • Scientists often use these other radioactive elements to date objects that are older than 50,000 years (the limit of carbon dating).
  • Discuss the properties of isotopes and their use in radiometric dating

• Dating Using Radioactive Decay

  • Radiometric dating is used to date materials using the decay rate of a radioactive isotope.
  • Radiometric dating, often called radioactive dating, is a technique used to determine the age of materials such as rocks.
  • The best-known radiometric dating techniques include radiocarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, and uranium-lead dating.
  • By establishing geological timescales, radiometric dating provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and rates of evolutionary change, and it is also used to date archaeological materials, including ancient artifacts.
  • In these cases, the half-life of interest in radiometric dating is usually the longest one in the chain.

• Archaeology and History

  • Scientific methods such as radiocarbon dating allow historians to determine, with some accuracy, when these communities were populated.
  • The 3,000 to 5,000 radiocarbon year gap between the Solutrean period of France and Spain and the Clovis period of the Americas also makes such a connection problematic.
  • In most places, it can be dated to before 8,000 BCE.
  • Typically, Archaic cultures can be dated from 8000 BCE to 1000 BCE.
  • Most of these cultures can be dated from 1000 BCE to 500 CE.

• Maturity Date

  • Maturity date refers to the final payment date of a loan or other financial instrument.
  • In finance, maturity date or redemption date, refers to the final payment date of a loan or other financial instrument, at which point the principal (and all remaining interest) is due to be paid.
  • The issuer has to repay the nominal amount on the maturity date.
  • In this case, the maturity date is the day when the bond is called.
  • Similarly, the maturity date, if applicable, is the date as the bond is redeemed.

• Dividends Payable

  • On the dividend declaration date, a company's board of directors announces its intention to pay a dividend to shareholders on record as of a certain date (date of record).
  • On the declaration date, the Board announces the date of record and a payment date; the payment date is the date when the funds are sent to the shareholders and the dividends payable account is reduced for the payment amount.

• Call Provisions

  • A callable bond allows the issuer to redeem the bond before the maturity date; this is likely to happen when interest rates go down.
  • Call dates are the dates on which callable bonds can be redeemed early.
  • A Bermudan callable has several call dates, usually coinciding with coupon dates.
  • A European callable has only one call date.
  • An American callable can be called at any time until the maturity date.

• Defining Dividends

  • The board will also announce a date of record and a payment date.
  • In-dividend date is the last day, which is one trading day before the ex-dividend date, where the stock is said to be cum dividend ('with [including] dividend').
  • After this date the stock becomes ex-dividend.
  • Record date refers to the date that shareholders must be registered on record in order to receive the dividend.
  • Shareholders who are not registered as of this date will not receive the dividend.

• Scheduling

  • Forward scheduling involves planning tasks from the date that resources become available in order to determine the shipping date or the due date.
  • Backward scheduling involves planning tasks from the due date or required-by date in order to determine the start date and/or necessary changes in capacity.