Paxton Boys

Examples of Paxton Boys in the following topics:

• Discontent on the Frontier

  • In December, a vigilante group made up of Scots-Irish frontiersmen, the Paxton Boys, attacked the local Conestoga, a Susquehannock tribe who lived on land donated by William Penn to their ancestors in the 1690s.
  • Although there had been no Indian attacks in the area, the Paxton Boys claimed that the Conestoga secretly provided aid and intelligence to the hostiles.
  • On December 14, 1763, more than fifty Paxton Boys marched on the Conestoga homes near Conestoga Town, Millersville, murdered six people, and burned their cabins.
  • Nineteenth century lithograph of the Paxton Boys' massacre of the Indians at Lancaster, published in 1841

• The Western Lands

  • In December of 1763, following the end of the French and Indian War and the signing of the proclamation, a vigilante group made up of Scots-Irish frontiersmen known as the Paxton Boys attacked the local Conestoga, a Susquehannock tribe who lived on land negotiated by William Penn and their ancestors in the 1690s.
  • Although there had been no American Indian attacks in the area, the Paxton Boys claimed that the Conestoga secretly provided aid and intelligence to the hostiles.
  • On December 14, 1763, more than 50 Paxton Boys marched on the Conestoga homes near Conestoga Town, Millersville, and murdered six people and burned their cabins.

• Gender Bias in the Classroom

  • Teachers may reinforce gender bias simply by drawing distinctions between boys and girls.
  • Teachers may reinforce gender bias simply by drawing distinctions between boys and girls.
  • Teachers may interact with boys and girls in ways that reinforce gender roles and gender inequality.
  • Nevertheless, teachers may reinforce gender bias when they give more attention to boys or excuse boys' behavior with the excuse that "boys will be boys. " Teachers may also reinforce gender bias simply by drawing distinctions between boys and girls.
  • The male literacy gap has been attributed to sex-based differences in brain function as well as to social factors like the expectations set by an unwritten "boy code" to discourages boys from expressing emotions.

• The "Color Line"

  • Du Bois would go on to be a prominent leader in the pursuit of African-American civil rights.
  • Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta Compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T.
  • Du Bois in 1918.
  • Du Bois was a prominent advocate for African-American rights in the twentieth century.
  • This book by Du Bois infamously proclaimed the problem of "the color line. "

• Cryptorchidism

  • Cryptorchidism is a condition present at birth in boys where one or more of the testes is absent from the scrotum.
  • About 3% of full-term and 30% of premature infant boys are born with at least one undescended testis.
  • In most full-term infant boys with cryptorchidism but no other genital abnormalities, a cause cannot be found, making this a common, sporadic, unexplained (idiopathic) birth defect.
  • Undescended testes are associated with reduced fertility, increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors, and psychological problems when the boy is grown.
  • It has been reported that about 4% of fathers and 6–10% of brothers of affected boys have also had cryptorchidism.

• Example: Test for Independence

  • Suppose we want to know whether boys or girls get into trouble more often in school.
  • Below is the table documenting the frequency of boys and girls who got into trouble in school.
  • In this particular case, it is that the likelihood of getting in trouble is the same for boys and girls.
  • The alternative hypothesis to be tested is that the likelihood of getting in trouble is not the same for boys and girls.
  • Hence, boys are not significantly more likely to get in trouble in school than girls.

• Changes in Technology

  • This kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading the poet William Blake to describe places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire as "Dark satanic mills. " The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition of 1851 , was an early example of iron and glass construction.

• Comparing Two Independent Population Means

  • The average amount of time boys and girls ages 7 through 11 spend playing sports each day is believed to be the same.
  • Is there a difference in the mean amount of time boys and girls ages 7 through 11 play sports each day?
  • Let $g$ be the subscript for girls and $b$ be the subscript for boys.
  • Then, $\mu_g$ is the population mean for girls and $\mu_b$ is the population mean for boys.
  • Conclusion: At the 5% level of significance, the sample data show there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of hours that girls and boys aged 7 through 11 play sports per day is different (the mean number of hours boys aged 7 through 11 play sports per day is greater than the mean number of hours played by girls OR the mean number of hours girls aged 7 through 11 play sports per day is greater than the mean number of hours played by boys).

• Puberty

  • Although there is a wide range of normal ages, girls typically begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11, boys at age 12 or 13.
  • Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15–17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16–18.
  • In contrast, boys accelerate more slowly, but continue to grow for about six years after the first visible pubertal changes.
  • For boys, an androgen called testosterone is the principal sex hormone.
  • This growth is far more prominent in boys, causing the male voice to drop and deepen about an octave (sometimes abruptly).

• Gender Socialization

  • Gender is included in this process; individuals are taught how to socially behave in accordance with their assigned gender, which is assigned at birth based on their biological sex (for instance, male babies are given the gender of "boy", while female babies are given the gender of "girl").
  • Preparations for the birth often take the infant's sex into consideration (e.g., painting the room blue if the child is a boy, pink for a girl).
  • Girls and boys are expected to act in certain ways, and these ways are socialized from birth by many parents (and society).
  • For example, girls are expected to be clean and quiet, while boys are messy and loud.
  • Boys and girls who do not conform to gender stereotypes are usually ostracized by same-age peers for being different.