Parsonage-Turner syndrome

(noun)

Parsonage-Turner syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome with a rare set of symptoms resulting from inflammation of unknown etiology of the brachial plexus.

Related Terms

Examples of Parsonage-Turner syndrome in the following topics:

  • Injuries to Nerves Emerging from the Brachial Plexus

    • The rare Parsonage-Turner syndrome causes brachial plexus inflammation without obvious injury, but with nevertheless disabling symptoms.

  • Disorders in Chromosome Number

    • Aneuploidy often results in serious problems such as Turner syndrome, a monosomy in which females may contain all or part of an X chromosome.
    • Klinefelter syndrome is a trisomy genetic disorder in males caused by the presence of one or more X chromosomes.
    • Down syndrome is the only autosomal trisomy in humans that has a substantial number of survivors one year after birth.
    • Trisomy in chromosome 21 is the cause of Down syndrome; it affects 1 infant in every 800 live births.

  • Chromosomes and Genes

    • Common abnormalities include Down syndrome (caused by an extra chromosome #21), Klinefelter syndrome (caused by an extra X chromosome), and Turner syndrome (caused by a missing X chromosome).
    • Many chromosomal abnormalities are of psychological importance, with substantial impacts on mental processes; for example, Down syndrome can cause mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

  • X-Inactivation

    • The XXY genotype, corresponding to one type of Klinefelter syndrome, corresponds to phenotypically male individuals with small testes, enlarged breasts, and reduced body hair .
    • More complex types of Klinefelter syndrome exist in which the individual has as many as five X chromosomes.
    • Turner syndrome, characterized as an X0 genotype (i.e., only a single sex chromosome), corresponds to a phenotypically female individual with short stature, webbed skin in the neck region, hearing and cardiac impairments, and sterility.
    • Cri-du-chat (from the French for "cry of the cat") is a syndrome associated with nervous system abnormalities and identifiable physical features that result from a deletion of most of 5p (the small arm of chromosome 5) .
    • This individual with cri-du-chat syndrome is shown at two, four, nine, and 12 years of age.

  • Sex and Physiology

    • In addition to the most common XX and XY chromosomal sexes, there are several other possible combinations commonly known as intersex, such as Turner syndrome (XO), Triple X syndrome (XXX), Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), de la Chapelle syndrome (XX male), and Swyer syndrome (XY female).

  • Identification of Chromosomes and Karyotypes

    • This was discovered after the naming of Down syndrome as trisomy 21, reflecting how this disease results from possessing one extra chromosome 21 (three total).
    • Examples of this are Down Syndrome, which is identified by a third copy of chromosome 21, and Turner Syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of only one X chromosome in women instead of the normal two.
    • For instance, Jacobsen Syndrome, which involves distinctive facial features as well as heart and bleeding defects, is identified by a deletion on chromosome 11.

  • Hormonal Abnormalities and Height

    • It can be caused by mutations of specific genes, damage to the pituitary gland, Turner's syndrome, poor nutrition, or even stress (leading to psychogenic dwarfism).
    • Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty.

  • The Role of Genes in Prenatal Development

    • Some mutations of the genes can result in conditions such as Down Syndrome or Turner's Syndrome.

  • Rheumatism and Arthritis

    • Kathleen Turner, the actress from the movie Body Heat found out when she was in her mid-40s that she suffered from rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Some countries use the word rheumatism to describe fibromyalgia syndrome.