Newton D. Baker

Examples of Newton D. Baker in the following topics:

• War Propaganda

  • Tasked with creating a prolonged propaganda campaign, the group that became known as The Creel Committee consisted of politician and journalist George Creel, the committee chairman; Robert Lansing, Secretary of State; Newton D.
  • Baker, Secretary of War; and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels.

• Newton's Rings

  • Although first observed by Robert Hooke in 1664, this pattern is called Newton's rings, as Newton was the first to analyze and explain the phenomena.
  • An example of Newton's rings when viewed with white light is shown in the figure below .
  • The light that is transmitted into the air does not experience a change in phase and travels a a distance, d, before it is reflected at the flat glass surface below.
  • As one gets farther from the point at which the two surfaces touch, the distance d increases because the lens is curving away from the flat surface .
  • Newton's rings seen in two plano-convex lenses with their flat surfaces in contact.

• Momentum, Force, and Newton's Second Law

  • In the most general form, Newton's 2nd law can be written as $F = \frac{dp}{dt}$ .
  • This fact, known as the law of conservation of momentum, is implied by Newton's laws of motion.
  • Newton actually stated his second law of motion in terms of momentum: The net external force equals the change in momentum of a system divided by the time over which it changes.
  • This statement of Newton's second law of motion includes the more familiar $F_{net} = ma$ as a special case.
  • So for constant mass, Newton's second law of motion becomes

• Associations

  • (To diagram the relationship of our individual to yet another person would require an additional diagram: Jones may simultaneously be associated with Smith and not associated with Baker. )
  • Imagine that he is associated with Smith because Smith has imposed a sanction on him, with Kennedy because Kennedy has conferred an inducement on him, and is not associated at all with Baker.
  • 0 = Jones' satisfaction if Baker didn't act at all. 0 = (also) Jones' actual satisfaction, since Baker hasn't acted, or if he acted it had no effect on Jones' satisfaction.

• References

  • Baker, A., Jensen, P., Kolb, D. (2002).
  • Friedman, A., Watts, D., Croston, J., Durkin, C. (2002).
  • Ryan, and D.

• Gallilean-Newtonian Relativity

  • Among the axioms from Newton's theory are:
  • There exists an absolute space in which Newton's laws are true.
  • $u'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} r'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} r(t) - v = u(t) - v.$
  • $a'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} u'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} u(t) - 0 = a(t).$
  • Assuming that mass is invariant in all inertial frames, the above equation shows that Newton's laws of mechanics, if valid in one frame, must hold for all frames.

• Planetary Motion According to Kepler and Newton

  • The second law of planetary motion states that in an amount of time, $t$, a line from the planet to the Sun will sweep out a triangle having a base of $r$ and a height of $r \cdot d\theta$.
  • Newton derived his theory of the acceleration of a planet from Kepler's first and second laws.
  • Newton theorized that the direction of a planet is always towards the Sun.
  • From this, Newton defined the force acting on a planet as the product of its mass and acceleration.
  • Therefore, by Newton's law, every planet is attracted to the Sun, and the force acting on a planet is directly proportional to the mass and inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the Sun.

• Dynamics of UCM

  • Newton's universal law of gravitation states that every particle attracts every other particle with a force along a line joining them.
  • Newton's universal law of gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force along a line joining them.
  • Historically, Kepler discovered his 3 laws (called Kepler's law of planetary motion) long before the days of Newton.
  • We shall derive Kepler's third law, starting with Newton's laws of motion and his universal law of gravitation.
  • It takes equal times for $m$ to go from $A$ to $B$, from $C$ to $D$, and from $E$ to $F$.

• Physics and Engineering: Fluid Pressure and Force

  • Pressure is given as $p = \frac{F}{A}$ or $p = \frac{dF_n}{dA}$, where $p$ is the pressure, $\mathbf{F}$ is the normal force, and $A$ is the area of the surface on contact.
  • While pressure may be measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area, the SI unit of pressure (the newton per square meter) is called the pascal (Pa).

• The Second Law: Force and Acceleration

  • English scientist Sir Isaac Newton examined the motion of physical objects and systems under various conditions.
  • This concept, illustrated below, explains Newton's second law, which emphasizes the importance of force and motion, over velocity alone.
  • Newton's Three Laws of Mechanics - Second Law - Part 1
  • Newton's Three Laws of Mechanics - Second Law - Part Two
  • Equilibrium is investigated and Newton's 1st law is seen as a special case of Newton's 2nd law!