neural

Examples of neural in the following topics:

• Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • The peripheral nervous system develops from two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • At this point the future CNS appears as a cylindrical structure called the neural tube, whereas the future PNS appears as two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • The sequence of stages from neural plate to neural tube and neural crest is known as neurulation .
  • After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm.
  • During neurulation, the borders of the neural plate, also known as the neural folds, converge at the dorsal midline to form the neural tube.

• Embryonic Development

  • The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system.
  • Primary neurulation begins after the neural plate has formed.
  • The edges of the neural plate start to thicken and lift upward, forming the neural folds.
  • The center of the neural plate remains grounded allowing a U-shaped neural groove to form.
  • The neural folds pinch in towards the midline of the embryo and fuse together to form the neural tube.

• Neurulation

  • Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm of the embryo.
  • The neural plate folds outwards to form the neural groove.
  • Beginning in the future neck region, the neural folds of this groove close to create the neural tube (this form of neurulation is called primary neurulation).
  • The hollow interior is called the neural canal.
  • Transverse sections that show the progression of the neural plate into the neural tube.

• Establishing Body Axes during Development

  • The edges of the neural plate start to thicken and lift upward, forming the neural folds.
  • The center of the neural plate remains grounded, allowing a U-shaped neural groove to form.
  • In the head, neural crest cells migrate, the neural tube closes, and the overlying ectoderm closes.
  • In the trunk, overlying ectoderm closes, the neural tube closes and neural crest cells migrate.
  • (Neural tube is in green. )

• Development of Vision

  • The eye forms from the neural tube, epidermis, and the periocular mesenchyme, with sequential inductions of tissue during development.
  • The eye develops from the neural tube, the epidermis, and the periocular mesenchyme, which receives contributions from both the neural crest and mesoderm lineages.
  • Neural tube: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles .
  • The optic cup then delaminates into two layers: the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • The eyes make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube.

• Neural Networks

  • Neural networks consist of a series of interconnected neurons, and serve as the interface for neurons to communicate with each other.
  • A neural network (or neural pathway) is the interface through which neurons communicate with one another.
  • However, we do know that we have neural networks to thank for much of our higher cognitive functioning.
  • A neural network (or neural pathway) is the complex interface through which neurons communicate with one another.
  • Explain the different theories of how neural networks operate in the body

• Embryonic Development of the Brain

  • Neural activity and sensory experience will mediate formation of new synapses, as well as synaptic plasticity, which will be responsible for refinement of the nascent neural circuits.
  • Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm of the embryo.
  • The neural plate folds outwards to form the neural groove.
  • Beginning in the future neck region, the neural folds of this groove close to create the neural tube (this form of neurulation is called primary neurulation).
  • The hollow interior is called the neural canal.

• Neural Responses to Food

  • All three phases of digestive responses to food (the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal stages) are managed through enzymatic neural control.
  • Each requires many enzymes and is under neural control as well.
  • The first phase of ingestion, called the cephalic phase, is controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food.
  • All aspects, such as sight, sense, and smell, trigger the neural responses resulting in salivation and secretion of gastric juices.
  • This phase consists of local, hormonal, and neural responses.

• Development of Nervous Tissue

  • Embryonic neural development includes the birth and differentiation of neurons from stem cell precursors.
  • As development proceeds, a fold called the neural groove appears along the midline.
  • At this point the future CNS appears as a cylindrical structure called the neural tube, whereas the future PNS appears as two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • The sequence of stages from neural plate to neural tube and neural crest is known as neurulation.
  • Induction of neural tissues causes formation of neural precursor cells, called neuroblasts.

• Gene Expression for Spatial Positioning

  • In vertebrates, one of the primary steps during organogenesis is the formation of the neural system.
  • The remaining cells in the center form the neural plate.
  • The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called the neural tube .
  • In further development, the neural tube will give rise to the brain and the spinal cord.
  • The central region of the ectoderm forms the neural tube, which gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord.