salivary gland

Examples of salivary gland in the following topics:

• Mumps

  • The common symptoms of mumps include inflammation of the salivary glands, pancreas, and testicles; fever, and headache.
  • Swelling of the salivary glands, specifically the parotid gland, is known as parotitis, and it occurs in 60–70% of infections and 95% of patients with symptoms .
  • As with any inflammation of the salivary glands, the level of amylase in the blood is often elevated.
  • Patients are advised to avoid acidic foods and beverages, since these stimulate the salivary glands, which can be painful.
  • This child with mumps displays the typical swelling of the salivary glands caused by the mumps virus.

• Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

  • Example functions of the PSNS include dilating the blood vessels that lead to the GI tract and stimulating salivary gland secretion.
  • The PSNS typically functions in contrast to the SNS by dilating the blood vessels leading to the GI tract, causing constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscle to the lens to enable closer vision, and stimulating salivary gland secretion, in keeping with the rest and digest functions.

• Glandular Epithelia

  • There are two major classifications of glands: endocrine glands and exocrine glands.
  • Examples of exocrine glands include the sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the pancreas, and the liver.
  • An endocrine gland is its counterpart.
  • Examples of endocrine glands include the adrenal glands, located atop the kidneys and responsible for the secretion of certain hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and others.
  • The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.

• Sjögren's Syndrome

  • Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
  • A physical examination can reveal dryness on the surface of the eye, and a biopsy of the lip can reveal lymphocytes clustered around salivary glands, and damage to these glands due to inflammation.
  • Ultrasound examination of the salivary glands is the simplest confirmatory test and has the added advantage of being non-invasive with no complications.
  • If lesions are observed within the salivary glands, it is strongly indicative of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Prescription drugs are also available to help stimulate salivary flow, such as cevimeline (Evoxac) and pilocarpine.

• Cytomegalovirus Infections

  • Although they may be found throughout the body, CMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands in humans and other mammals.
  • Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands.

• Mouth

  • The mouth is also known as the oral cavity, and within the oral cavity sits the tongue, the soft and hard palate, the uvula, and numerous salivary glands.
  • Saliva is projected out from three main pairs of salivary glands: the large parotid glands near the cheeks, the submandibular glands beneath the mandible, and the sublingual glands beneath the tongue.

• Arthropods as Vectors

  • As the mosquito is feeding on the host blood, the parasites which are carried by the mosquito, are typically located within its salivary glands.

• Digestive System: Mouth and Stomach

  • As food is chewed, saliva, produced by the salivary glands, mixes with the food.
  • There are three major glands that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual.
  • In addition, saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that begins the process of converting starches in the food into a disaccharide called maltose.
  • Food is masticated by teeth and moistened by saliva secreted from the (b) salivary glands.

• Neural Responses to Food

  • The salivary glands secrete more saliva in response to the stimulus presented by food in preparation for digestion.
  • The gastric and salivary secretion in the cephalic phase can also take place at the thought of food.

• Digestive Properties of the Stomach

  • EGF is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide first purified from a mouse's submandibular gland, but since found in many human tissues including the submandibular and parotid glands.
  • Salivary EGF, which seems also regulated by dietary inorganic iodine, plays also an important physiological role in the maintenance of oroesophageal and gastric tissue integrity.
  • The pyloric gland, found in the stomach, secretes gastrin and other hormones.
  • The cardiac gland, found in the stomach, secretes gastrin and other hormones.
  • The fundic gland, found in the stomach, secretes gastrin and other hormones.