Examples of net primary productivity in the following topics:
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- Productivity, measured by gross and net primary productivity, is defined as the amount of energy that is incorporated into a biomass.
- Because all organisms need to use some of this energy for their own functions (such as respiration and resulting metabolic heat loss), scientists often refer to the net primary productivity of an ecosystem.
- Net primary productivity is the energy that remains in the primary producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss.
- The net productivity is then available to the primary consumers at the next trophic level.
- Explain the concept of primary production and distinguish between gross primary production and net primary production
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- Temperature and moisture are important influences on plant production (primary productivity) and the amount of organic matter available as food (net primary productivity).
- Net primary productivity is an estimation of all of the organic matter available as food.
- In terrestrial environments, net primary productivity is estimated by measuring the aboveground biomass per unit area, which is the total mass of living plants, excluding roots.
- Net primary productivity is an important variable when considering differences in biomes.
- Environments with the greatest amount of biomass have conditions in which photosynthesis, plant growth, and the resulting net primary productivity are optimized.
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- $TLTE=\frac { production\quad at\quad present\quad trophic\quad level }{ production\quad at\quad previous\quad trophic\quad level } x100$
- Another main parameter that is important in characterizing energy flow within an ecosystem is the net production efficiency.
- Net production efficiency (NPE) allows ecologists to quantify how efficiently organisms of a particular trophic level incorporate the energy they receive into biomass.
- Net consumer productivity is the energy content available to the organisms of the next trophic level.
- For example, the opossum shrimp eats both primary producers and primary consumers.
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- Net income in accounting is an entity's income minus expenses for an accounting period.
- Net income is a distinct accounting concept from profit.
- In contrast, net income is a precisely defined term in accounting.
- For a product company advertising, manufacturing, and design and development costs are included.
- As profit and earnings are used synonymously for income (also depending on United Kingdom and U.S. usage), net earnings and net profit are commonly found as synonyms for net income.
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- In financial accounting, owner's equity consists of an entity's net assets.
- Net assets are the difference between the total assets of the entity, and all its liabilities.
- Equity appears on the balance sheet of financial position, one of the four primary financial statements. ""
- For example, a profitable firm may receive more cash for its products than the cost at which it produced the goods, and so in the act of making a profit, it increases its assets.
- These items can skew net income and provide information that could be misleading.
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- This indicates how the revenue (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") is transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as "Net Profit" or the "bottom line").
- SGA is usually understood as a major portion of non-production related costs, in contrast to production costs such as direct labour.
- Other revenues or gains - revenues and gains from other than primary business activities (e.g., rent, income from patents).
- Other expenses or losses - expenses or losses not related to primary business operations, (e.g., foreign exchange loss).
- These are reported net of taxes.
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- In bookkeeping, accounting, and finance, net sales are operating revenues earned by a company for selling its products or rendering its services.
- Sales - Sales Return & Allowances - Sales Discount = Net sales
- From an accounting standpoint, sales do not occur until the product is delivered.
- The sales figures reported on an income statement are net sales.
- Net sales are operating revenues earned by a company for selling its products or rendering its services.
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- 'Revenue' is money received from the sales of products and services before expenses are deducted, also called the 'top line. ' The net income is the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as the 'net profit' or the 'bottom line. ' The income statement displays the revenues recognized for a specified period and the expenses charged against these revenues, including write-offs (depreciation and amortization of assets) and taxes.
- SGA is usually understood as a major portion of non-production costs, in contrast to production costs like direct labor.
- Other revenues or gains: Revenues and gains from non-primary business activities (rent, patent income, goodwill).
- Other expenses or losses: Expenses or losses not related to primary business operations (foreign exchange loss).
- They are reported net of taxes.
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- The income statement consists of revenues (money received from the sale of products and services, before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") and expenses, along with the resulting net income or loss over a period of time due to earning activities.
- Net income (the "bottom line") is the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for.
- The final step is to deduct taxes, which finally produces the net income for the period measured.
- Research & Development (R&D): expenses included in research and development of products.
- The non-operating section includes revenues and gains from non- primary business activities (such as rent or patent income); expenses or losses not related to primary business operations (such as foreign exchange losses); gains that are either unusual or infrequent, but not both; finance costs (costs of borrowing, such as interest expense); and income tax expense.
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- This safety net allowed Hyundai to gain a larger market share than they would have if they had not offered this deal.
- This metric, supplemented by changes in sales revenue, helps managers evaluate both primary and selective demand in their market.
- Selective demand refers to demand for a specific brand while primary demand refers to demand for a product category.
- Generally, sales growth resulting from primary demand (total market growth) is less costly and more profitable than that achieved by capturing share from competitors.
- Similarly, within a firm's product line, market share trends for individual products are considered early indicators of future opportunities or problems.