necrosis

(noun)

The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.

Related Terms

Examples of necrosis in the following topics:

  • Programmed Cell Death

    • Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of PCD, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.
    • Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms.
    • Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of PCD.

  • Types of Cytokines Participating in Immune Response

    • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are cytokines that induce apoptosis in abnormal cells such as tumor cells.

  • Urinalysis

    • Epithelial cell casts are associated with toxin-induced, acute tubular necrosis, hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus.
    • (Heme) granular casts are associated with acute tubular necrosis, and are often composed of proteins, especially antibodies.

  • Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

    • The mysium damage disrupts calcium homeostasis in the injured fiber and fiber bundles, resulting in necrosis that peaks about 48 hours after exercise.
    • A further response to sarcomere damage is necrosis following damage to the mysium, which peaks about 48 hours following exercise.

  • Compartment Syndrome

    • Compartment syndrome is caused by the compression of tissues within a limb from swelling following an injury, resulting in tissue necrosis.
    • Failure to relieve the pressure can result in necrosis of tissue in that compartment, since capillary perfusion will fall leading to increasing hypoxia of those tissues.

  • Natural Killer Cells

    • Upon binding to a cell slated for killing, perforin forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell, creating an aqueous channel through which the granzymes and associated molecules can enter, inducing either apoptosis or osmotic cell lysis (a form of cell necrosis).
    • Cellular lysis causes necrosis of that cell, in which the DNA and cell components degrade into debris that must be phagocytized by macrophages.
    • NK cells work to control viral infections by secreting IFNγ (interferon gamma) and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha).

  • The Complement System and Heart Disease

    • The process is aided by neutrophils, the complement system, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

  • Pressure Ulcers

    • Moist skin is more sensitive to tissue ischemia and necrosis, and is also more likely to get infected.

  • Fusobacteria

    • The diseases attributed to Fusobacterium infection involve symptoms that include tissue necrosis, septicemia, intra-amniotic infections and ulcers.

  • Lymphogranuloma Venereum

    • These changes can further progress to necrosis, abscesses and fistulas.