motor system

(noun)

The part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.

Related Terms

Examples of motor system in the following topics:

  • Organization of Motor Neuron Pathways

    • The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement.
    • The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement.
    • It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system.
    • The motor pathway, also called the pyramidal tract or the corticospinal tract, serves as the motor pathway for upper motor neuronal signals coming from the cerebral cortex and from primitive brainstem motor nuclei.
    • The midbrain nuclei include four motor tracts that send upper motor neuronal axons down the spinal cord to lower motor neurons.

  • Functions of the Nervous System

    • The nervous system has three overlapping functions.
    • These functions are based on the sensory input,  integration and motor output.
    • The nervous system is a highly integrated system.
    • The nervous system activates effector organs such as muscles and glands to cause a response called the motor input.
    • Once the response is activated, the nervous system is able to send signals via motor output to muscles or glands to initiate the response.

  • Sensory-Somatic Nervous System

    • The sensory-somatic nervous system transmits sensory information from the body to the brain and motor movements from the brain to the body.
    • The sensory-somatic nervous system is composed of cranial and spinal nerves and contains both sensory and motor neurons.
    • Without its sensory-somatic nervous system, an animal would be unable to process any information about its environment (what it sees, feels, hears, etc. ) and could not control motor movements.
    • Unlike the autonomic nervous system, which has two synapses between the CNS and the target organ, sensory and motor neurons have only one synapse: one ending of the neuron is at the organ and the other directly contacts a CNS neuron.
    • Explain the role of the cranial and spinal nerves in the sensory-somatic nervous system

  • The Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the two major subdivisions of the nervous system.
    • It houses the nerve centers responsible for coordinating sensory and motor systems in the body.
    • the frontal lobe, which controls specialized motor control, learning, planning, and speech;
    • It regulates motor function and allows motor and sensory information to pass from the brain to the rest of the body.
    • This data is then sent back through the spinal cord to muscles and glands for motor output.

  • Organization of the Nervous System

    • The nervous system is an organ system that coordinates our actions by transmitting signals between different parts of our bodies.
    • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and neurons that communicate either between subdivisions of the PNS or connect the PNS to the CNS .
    • The nervous system has three broad functions: sensory input, information processing, and motor output .
    • After information is processed, signals return to the PNS by way of motor neurons to muscles and glands, which respond with a motor output.
    • Gross organization of the nervous system, with the peripheral nervous system, the spinal, and the cortical levels.

  • Motor Units

    • The motor unit is the functional unit of muscle contraction and includes the motor nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it innervates.
    • A motor unit consists of the motor neuron and the grouping of muscle fibers innervated by the neuron.
    • Thus, small motor units can exercise greater precision of movement compared to larger motor units.
    • Groups of motor units are innervated to coordinate contraction of a whole muscle and generate appropriate movement; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool.
    • These multiple motor units of different sizes within a motor pool allow for very fine control of force either spatially or temporally.

  • Branches of Spinal Nerves

    • The dorsal ramus: Contains nerves that serve the dorsal portions of the trunk carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back.
    • The ventral ramus: Contains nerves that serve the remaining ventral parts of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.
    • The rami communicantes: Contain autonomic nerves that carry visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs.

  • Neural Mechanisms (Cortex)

    • The primary motor cortex is the neural center for voluntary respiratory control.
    • More broadly, the motor cortex is responsible for initiating any voluntary muscular movement.
    • It also provides parasympathetic stimulation for the heart and the digestive system.
    • Topography of the primary motor cortex, on an outline drawing of the human brain.
    • Each part of the primary motor cortex controls a different part of the body.

  • How much waste is out there?

    • Just as important, Ling's whole-system approach asks every employee to get involved in finding and eliminating waste and its causes – which also includes non-physical forms of waste such as fraud, risk, damage, investment losses, human error, weaknesses (or redundancies) in processing systems, poor service, lawsuits, bad customer relations, etc.
    • Every business contains motors; some have thousands.
    • Indeed, motors consume so much electricity that the amount they use over their lifetime always costs more than the purchase price of the motors themselves.
    • Taking the time to purchase an efficient motor should therefore be an integral part of the motor-buying process because just a 4% increase in efficiency can amount to more than $20,000 in electricity savings over the life of a typical 100 horsepower motor.
    • The diagram below reveals the amounts of waste inherent in a common industrial pumping system.

  • Motor Areas

    • The motor areas of the brain are located in both hemispheres of the cortex.
    • The right half of the motor area controls the left side of the body, and the left half of the motor area controls the right side of the body.
    • Premotor cortex: Located anterior to the primary motor cortex and responsible for some aspects of motor control.
    • Various experiments examining the motor cortex map showed that each point in motor cortex influences a range of muscles and joints, indicating significant overlapping in the map.
    • $$Topography of the human motor cortex, including the premotor cortex, SMA, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex.