mineral spirits

Examples of mineral spirits in the following topics:

• Oil

  • Oil can also be used as the vehicle when painting, in addition to turpentine or mineral spirits.

• Aluminosilicates

  • Aluminosilicate minerals are composed of aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and countercations.
  • They are a major component of kaolin and other clay minerals.
  • These three minerals are commonly used as index minerals in metamorphic rocks.
  • Hydrated aluminosilicate minerals are referred to as zeolites.
  • Andalusite is an aluminium nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5.

• Setbacks for Unions

  • Harding dispatched federal troops to end the uprising, which resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 miners and 30 strike busters, with another 985 miners tried and imprisoned.
  • The campaign also depicted unions as "alien" to America's individualistic spirit with NAM and other employer groups discrediting unions through Red Scare tactics that linked them to Communism.
  • The Harding administration, which obtained a court injunction that destroyed the national railroad workers' strike in 1922, also helped to end a nationwide strike of about 650,000 miners.

• Animism

  • Animism is the belief that non-human entities are spiritual beings, either intrinsically or because spirits inhabit them.
  • In Shinto, spirits of nature, or kami, are believed to exist everywhere.
  • Unlike supernatural forces, animist spirits may be inherently good or evil.
  • In pantheism, everything shares the same spiritual essence—there are no distinct spirits and/or souls.
  • In animist societies, ritual is considered essential to win the favor of the spirits that ward off other malevolent spirits and provide food, shelter, and fertility.

• The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894

  • The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894 was a five-month strike by the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Cripple Creek, Colorado.
  • The influx of silver miners into the gold mines caused a lowering of wages.
  • Mine owners demanded longer hours for less pay, and assigned miners to riskier work.
  • The Cripple Creek strike was a major victory for the miners' union.
  • Describe the events of the Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894

• African Art and the Spirit World

  • Beliefs about the spirit world are deeply embedded in traditional African culture, but were heavily influenced by Christianity and Islam.
  • In some societies, artistic talents were themselves seen as ways to please higher spirits.
  • The masks themselves often represent an ancestral spirit, which is believed to possess the wearer of the mask.
  • In the Kingdom of Kongo, nkisi were objects believed to be inhabited by spirits.
  • Discuss the role of African masks, statues, and sculptures in relation to the spirit world.

• Masks in the Kalabari Kingdom

  • Culture and artistic festivities of the Kalabari Kingdom involve the wearing of elaborate outfits and carved masks to celebrate the spirits.
  • Veneration of ancestors plays a central role in Ijaw traditional religion, while water spirits, known as Owuamapu, figure prominently in the Ijaw pantheon.
  • Ijaw religious beliefs hold that water spirits are like humans, having personal strengths and shortcomings, and that humans dwell among the water spirits before being born.
  • Each year, the Ijaw hold celebrations lasting for several days in honor of the spirits.
  • Particularly spectacular masqueraders are believed to be possessed by the particular spirits on whose behalf they are dancing.

• Sculpture of the Old Kingdom

  • Paints were obtained from minerals such as iron ores (red and yellow ochres), copper ores (blue and green), soot or charcoal (black), and limestone (white).
  • Typically made of wood or stone, these statues were placed in tombs as a resting place for the ka, or spirit, of the person after death.

• Silicate Units, Silicate Chains, Silicate Sheets

  • The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the [SiO4]4− tetrahedron.
  • Silicate minerals containing chains are termed inosilicates.
  • Silicate minerals containing sheets are termed phyllosilicates.
  • Examples of such minerals include quartz, zeolites, and feldspars.
  • In the mineral zeolite, silica and oxygen atoms are bonded layers of sheets.

• The Coal Strike of 1902

  • Striking miners demanded higher wages, shorter workdays, and union recognition.
  • The strike never resumed, as the miners received more pay for fewer hours, however, the mine owners refused to recognize the trade union as a bargaining agent.
  • Morgan was invested in the strike, as his business interests included the Reading Railroad, one of the largest employers of miners.
  • The miners asked for 20% wage increases, and most were given a 10% increase.
  • The miners had asked for an eight-hour day and were awarded a nine-hour day instead of the standard ten hours then prevailing.