instrumental aggression

Examples of instrumental aggression in the following topics:

• Aggression: Harming

  • These include hostile aggression (also known as affective or retaliatory aggression) and instrumental aggression (also referred to as predatory or goal-oriented aggression).
  • Instrumental aggression, in contrast, is a means to an end.
  • In instrumental aggression, harming the person is used to obtain some other goal, such as money.
  • Some attribute the higher rates of physical aggression in the U.S. to the competitive instrumental aggression inherent in capitalism.
  • It differs from instrumental aggression, which uses aggression as a means to an end.

• The Yield Curve

  • Why this would happen is that when lenders are seeking long-term debt contracts more aggressively than short-term debt contracts.
  • Prospective investors decide in advance whether they need short-term or long-term instruments.
  • If investors prefer their portfolio to be liquid, they will prefer short-term instruments to long-term instruments.
  • Therefore, the market for short-term instruments will receive a higher demand.
  • Higher demand for the instrument implies higher prices and lower yield.

• Social Psychology

  • The field of social psychology studies topics at both the intrapersonal level (pertaining to the individual), such as emotions and attitudes, and the interpersonal level (pertaining to groups), such as aggression and attraction.
  • During the 1930s, Gestalt psychologists such as Kurt Lewin were instrumental in developing the field as something separate from the behavioral and psychoanalytic schools that were dominant during that time.
  • After the war, researchers became interested in a variety of social problems including gender issues, racial prejudice, cognitive dissonance, bystander intervention, aggression, and obedience to authority.

• The Law as an Instrument of Oppression

  • In sociology, the tools of oppression include a progression of denigration, dehumanization, and demonization which often generate scapegoating, which is used to justify aggression against targeted groups and individuals.

• Functions of International Banks

  • Moreover, banks can circumvent government regulations as they cross borders, and they invented new financial instruments.
  • Finally, international banks stimulate financial innovation by creating new financial instruments.
  • Consequently, some wealthy people, businessmen, and criminals hide their money in offshore accounts to evade taxes, to protect their wealth from countries with aggressive tax policies, or to hide their profits from illegal business activities.

• The English Protectorate

  • Despite the revolutionary nature of the government during the Protectorate, Cromwell's regime was marked by an aggressive foreign policy, no drastic reforms at home, and difficult relations with Parliament, which in the end made it increasingly similar to monarchy.
  • In 1653, after the forcible dissolution of the Rump Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was declared Lord Protector of a united Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland under the terms of the Instrument of Government, inaugurating the period now usually known as the Protectorate.
  • The Protectorate began in 1653 when, following the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government.
  • Cromwell's new rights and powers were laid out in the Humble Petition and Advice, a legislative instrument which replaced the Instrument of Government.

• Standing Waves in Wind Instruments

  • This type of instrument is called an aerophone, and the most well-known of this type of instrument are often called wind instruments because, although the instrument itself does vibrate a little, most of the sound is produced by standing waves in the column of air inside the instrument.
  • The standing waves in a wind instrument are a little different from a vibrating string.
  • The standing-wave tube of a wind instrument also may be open at both ends, or it may be closed at one end (for a mouthpiece, for example), and this also affects the instrument.
  • (Actually, for reasons explained in Standing Waves in Wind Instruments, some harmonics are "missing" in some wind instruments, but this mainly affects the timbre and some aspects of playing the instrument.
  • See Standing Waves in Wind Instruments for more explanation.

• Instrument Ranges

  • Some other terms that are used to describe instrument ranges are:
  • An instrument with a slightly higher fundamental will have a slightly higher range; an instrument with a much lower fundamental will have a much lower range.
  • Some instruments that are identified this way are transposing instruments, but others are not.
  • The ranges of some instruments are definite and absolute.
  • Other instruments may be a mix of absolute and indefinite ranges.

• The GLOBE Project

  • They used qualitative methods to assist their development of quantitative instruments.
  • Assertiveness orientation is the degree to which individuals in organizations or societies are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in social relationships.

• Forming a Slave Community

  • "Antebellum black slaves created several unique cultural forms which lightened their burden of oppression, promoted group solidarity, provided ways for verbalizing aggression, sustaining hope, building self-esteem, and often represented areas of life largely free from the control of whites. "
  • Slaveowners and state governments tried to prevent slaves from making or playing musical instruments because of the use of drums to signal the Stono Rebellion in 1739.
  • Instruments reproduced by slaves include drums, three-stringed banjos, gourd rattles, and mandolins.