relational aggression

Examples of relational aggression in the following topics:

• Aggression: Harming

  • Not all aggression leads to violence.
  • These include hostile aggression (also known as affective or retaliatory aggression) and instrumental aggression (also referred to as predatory or goal-oriented aggression).
  • In contrast, women are more likely to be indirectly and non-physically aggressive, such as in displays of relational aggression and social rejection.
  • Hostile aggression involves direct aggression with the intent of physical or emotional harm to another person.
  • It differs from instrumental aggression, which uses aggression as a means to an end.

• Specific Comparisons (Correlated Observations)

  • Some of the words were aggressive words such as injure or shatter.
  • That is, do weapon words prime aggressive words more than they prime non-aggressive words?
  • The priming of aggressive words is (an - aw).
  • The priming of non-aggressive words is (cn - cw).
  • Issues associated with doing multiple comparisons are the same for related observations as they are for multiple comparisons among independent groups.

• In-Groups and Out-Groups

  • Intergroup aggression is any behavior intended to harm another person because he or she is a member of an out group.
  • Intergroup aggression is a by product of in-group bias, in that if the beliefs of the in-group are challenged or if the in-group feels threatened, then they will express aggression toward the out-group.
  • The major motive for intergroup aggression is the perception of a conflict of interest between in-group and out-group.
  • The way the aggression is justified is through dehumanizing the out-group, because the more the out-group is dehumanized the "less they deserve the humane treatment enjoined by universal norms. "
  • The third is a behavioral component, relating to one's actions – people do not just hold attitudes, they act on them as well.

• Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

  • All of the disorders listed under this chapter are marked by behavioral and emotional disturbances specifically related to self-control.
  • These factors may also vary based on the age of onset, with different variables related to early (e.g., neurodevelopmental basis) and adolescent (e.g., social/peer relationships) onset.
  • Many pregnancy and birth problems are related to the development of conduct problems; however, strong evidence for causation is lacking.
  • Impulsive aggression is unpremeditated and is defined by a disproportionate reaction to any provocation, real or perceived.
  • verbal aggression (tantrums, verbal arguments, or fights) or physical aggression that occurs twice in a week-long period for at least three months and does not lead to destruction of property or physical injury; or

• Consequences of Workplace Stress

  • Burnout, depression, and psychosomatic disorders are particularly common outcomes of work-related stress.
  • A person can also exhibit behavioral problems when under stress, such as aggression, substance abuse, absenteeism, poor decision making, lack of creativity, or even sabotage.
  • Ultimately, the aggressive mentality will be difficult to remedy.
  • Recognize the potentially severe consequences of work-related stress on an individual, particularly over time

• Lymphomas

  • Lymphomas are closely related to lymphoid leukemias, which also originate in lymphocytes, but typically involve only circulating blood and bone marrow, and do not usually form static tumors (blood cells are generated in the bone marrow by a process termed haematopoesis).
  • Treatment of some other, more aggressive, forms of lymphoma can result in a cure in the majority of cases, if the patient responds well to the therapy.
  • This treatment typically consists of aggressive chemotherapy.

• The Kellogg-Briand Pact

  • Sponsored by France and the United States, the Pact renounced the use of war, promoted peaceful settlement of disputes, and called for collective force to prevent aggression.
  • It attempted to provide protection in advance in case of German aggression.
  • The interdiction of aggressive war was confirmed and broadened by the United Nations Charter, which provides in article 2, paragraph 4, that "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. " One legal consequence of this is that it is clearly unlawful to annex territory by force.

• The Military Implementation of Containment

  • Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente (the easing of strained political relations) and rollback (forcing change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime).
  • Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response with defense department principals, who agreed that the United States, was obligated to repel military aggression, paralleling it with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, and said that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated.
  • When the United Nations Security Council voted to aid South Korea in stopping North Korean aggression, the United States agreed to send troops to the Korean Peninsula.

• Risk Adjusting for the Time Horizon

  • A longer time horizon usually requires a higher return, due to increased price volatility and uncertainty relating to possible outcomes.
  • A longer time horizon will generally require a higher return, due to an increased risk in price volatility and increased uncertainty relating to possible outcomes.
  • Since stock investments have more time to overcome potential downturns in value, having a longer time horizon can justify more aggressive investing.
  • Finally, sequencing options, where management can observe outcomes from a part of a project and resolve some of the uncertainty relating to the venture overall.

• Art Informel in Europe

  • Popular in the 1940s and 1950s, it is often considered to be the European equivalent to abstract expressionism, although there are stylistic differences (for example, abstract expressionism is often described as being more raw and aggressive than tachisme).
  • Other movements closely related to Art Informel were the Gutai group in Japan and COBRA, a European avant-garde movement active from 1948 to 1951.