Illegitimate opportunity structure

Examples of Illegitimate opportunity structure in the following topics:

• Illegitimate Opportunity Structures: Social Class and Crime

  • Illegitimate opportunity structures are the rules that operate within deviant subcultures.
  • Illegitimate opportunity structures are the rules that operate within deviant subcultures.
  • Cowan and Ohlin used juvenile delinquency as a case study to explore this theory of illegitimate opportunity structures.
  • Finally, in a retreatist subculture youth learn to reject both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures.
  • The retreatist subculture is the exception that proves the rule of illegitimate opportunity structures.

• The Functionalist Perspective

  • This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole.
  • This approach looks at both social structure and social functions.
  • Parsons concluded that there are three versions of the sick role: conditional, unconditional legitimate, and illegitimate (a condition stigmatized by others).
  • Structural functionalism reached the peak of its influence in the 1940s and 1950s, and by the 1960s was in rapid decline.
  • By the 1980s, its place was taken in Europe by more conflict-oriented approaches, and more recently by "structuralism".

• Summary

  • This chapter and the next are concerned with the ways in which networks display "structure" or deviation from random connection.
  • In the current chapter, we've approached the same issue of structuring from the "top-down" by looking at patterns of macro-structure in which individuals are embedded in non-random ways.
  • The tools in the current chapter provide some ways of examining the "texture" of the structuring of the whole population.
  • In the next chapter we will focus on the same issue of connection and structure from the "bottom-up. " That is, we'll look at structure from the point of view of the individual "ego."
  • Taken together, the approaches in chapters 8 and 9 illustrate, again, the "duality" of social structure in which individuals make social structures, but do so within a matrix of constraints and opportunities imposed by larger patterns.

• Termination

  • Some of the illegitimate reasons for terminating employees include, among many others, discrimination and violations of public policy.
  • For a more complete list of illegitimate reasons for terminating employees in the US, visit: http://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/employment-employer/employmentemployer- ending/employment-employer-ending-wrongful-reasons(1).html .
  • For more information on Title VII, including the claims process, bona fide occupational qualification defense, and who is protected, visit the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (EEOC) website at: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html.
  • The primary purpose for progressive discipline is to assist the employee to understand that a performance problem or opportunity for improvement exists" (Heathfield, Discipline (Progressive Discipline)).
  • This will give the employee time to "cool off" and think about their next move before they have the opportunity to socially interact with former coworkers during the weekend (Kulik, 2004).

• Archaic Greece

  • The period began with a massive increase in the Greek population and a structural revolution that established the Greek city-states, or polis.
  • The increase in population and evolution of the polis as a sociopolitical structure necessitated a new form of political organization.
  • As a result, many historians argue that Greek tyrants were not considered illegitimate rulers and cannot be distinguished from any other rulers during the same period.

• Overview of Bacterial Viruses

  • Bacteriophages are comprised of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures .
  • In these mycobacteriophages, genetic assortment may be the result of repeated instances of site-specific recombination and illegitimate recombination (the result of phage genome acquisition of bacterial host genetic sequences).

• Structural equivalence

  • In figure 12.1 there are seven "structural equivalence classes."
  • E and F, however, fall in the same structural equivalence class.
  • Finally, actors H and I fall in the same structural equivalence class.
  • Actors that are structurally equivalent are in identical "positions" in the structure of the diagram.
  • Whatever opportunities and constraints operate on one member of a class are also present for the others.

• Genome Evolution

  • Exon shuffling results in new genes by altering the current intron-exon structure.
  • This can occur by any of the following processes: transposon mediated shuffling, sexual recombination or illegitimate recombination.

• Network Structure

  • The network structure is a newer type of organizational structure often viewed as less hierarchical (i.e., more flat), more decentralized, and more flexible than other structures.
  • The concept underlying the network structure is the social network—a social structure of interactions.
  • Like other organizational structures, the network structure has its advantages and its disadvantages.
  • Proponents argue that the network structure is more agile compared to other structures (such as functional areas, divisions, or even some teams).
  • Communication is less siloed and flows freely, possibly opening up more opportunities for innovation.

• The State of Technology

  • The constant evolution of technology offers both considerable opportunity and risk to businesses across all industries.
  • Technology is always changing, offering new opportunities and risks for business every single day.
  • This type of technological opportunity is often referred to as a disruptive innovation.
  • By looking at how business IT strategies are structured, we can identify why technology matters through considering the state of technology from various perspectives.
  • Identifying opportunities before they become competitive risks is a key to survival in the modern business world.