hydraulic press

Examples of hydraulic press in the following topics:

• Pascal's Principle

  • Named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal, who established this important relationship, Pascal's Principle can be used to exploit pressure of a static liquid as a measure of energy per unit volume to perform work in applications such as hydraulic presses.
  • Taking advantage of this phenomenon, hydraulic presses are able to exert a large amount of force requiring a much smaller amount of input force. gives two different types of hydraulic press configurations, the first in which there is no difference in height of the static liquid and the second in which there is a difference in height Δh of the static liquid.
  • Depending on the applied pressure and geometry of the hydraulic press, the magnitude of F2 can be changed.
  • For a hydraulic press, the force multiplication factor is the ratio of the output to the input contact areas.
  • Two different types of hydraulic press configurations, the first in which there is no difference in height of the static liquid and the second in which there is a difference in height Δh of the static liquid.

• Ceramics

  • Slip casting methods provide superior surface quality, density and uniformity than other ceramic casting techniques, such as hydraulic casting.
  • The first step of pressing the rough ball of clay downward and inward into perfect rotational symmetry is called centering the clay.
  • As the name suggests, this is the operation of shaping pottery by pressing clay in a semi-dry and granulated condition in a mold.
  • The clay is pressed into the mold by a porous die through which water is pumped at high pressure.
  • Granulate pressing, also known as dust pressing, is widely used in the manufacture of ceramic tiles and, increasingly, of plates.

• River Valley Civilizations

  • Most notably, these early civilizations were all hydraulic empires.
  • A hydraulic empire (also known as hydraulic despotism, or water monopoly empire) is a social or governmental structure which maintains power through exclusive control over water access.
  • Most hydraulic empires exist in desert regions, but imperial China also had some such characteristics, due to the exacting needs of rice cultivation.
  • The only hydraulic empire to exist in Africa was under the Ajuran State near the Jubba and Shebelle Rivers in the 15th century CE.
  • Hydraulic empires were usually destroyed by foreign conquerors.

• Hydraulic Jump

  • We neglect the vertical motion of the fluid and assume that all dimensions are large compared with the depth of the fluid --- this is the hydraulic approximation.
  • We can apply the results from gas dynamics to hydraulics as along as the flow is abiabatic --- no shocks.
  • Such discontinuities are known as hydraulic jumps.

• Freedom of the Press

  • Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution .
  • Minnesota used the 14th Amendment to apply the freedom of the press to the states.
  • The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees Americans the right to a free press.
  • Freedom of the press is a primary civil liberty guaranteed in the First Amendment.
  • Indicate the role the Freedom of the Press in the U.S.

• State Formation

  • Wittfogel argued that most of the earliest states were formed in hydraulic civilizations, by which he meant civilizations where leaders controlled people by controlling the water supply.
  • Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest.
  • In hydraulic civilizations, control over water concentrated power in central despotic states.

• Flow through a Channel

  • Much of the intuition developed in hydraulics carries over to other fluid systems (even astrophysical ones); furthermore, water running through a channel is something with which most are familiar.
  • Let's write out the Bernoulli equation (divided by $g$ as customary in hydraulics) for the fluid moving along the surface,
  • The quantity $h_0$ is a constant along the surface streamline, and it is so important in hydraulics that it has a special name, specific head.
  • This is a common assumption in hydraulics.

• References

  • Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

• References

  • The Logic of Economic Discovery, New York University Press: NY, 1986.
  • The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics, Cambridge University Press, 1992
  • If You're So Smart, University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1990.
  • Mill, John Stuart, Principles of Political Economy, The Colonial Press, 1900.
  • Martin's Press: New York, 1995.

• The Printing Revolution

  • The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses.
  • The operation of a press became so synonymous with the enterprise of printing that it lent its name to an entire new branch of media, the press.
  • Because of the printing press, authorship became more meaningful and profitable.
  • A demonstration of how to print on a Gutenberg printing press.
  • Such presses could produce up to 240 impressions per hour.