gini coefficient

Examples of gini coefficient in the following topics:

• Economic measures

  • The Gini coefficient (also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio) is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents.
  • The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution.
  • A Gini coefficient of zero expresses perfect equality, where all values are the same (for example, where everyone has the same income).
  • A Gini coefficient of one (or 100%) expresses maximal inequality among values (for example where only one person has all the income).
  • The Gini coefficient was originally proposed as a measure of inequality of income or wealth.

• Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor

  • There are various numerical indices for measuring economic inequality, but the most commonly used measure for the purposes of comparison is the Gini coefficient (also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio for Italian statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini).
  • The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure of the dispersal of wealth or income.
  • A Gini coefficient of zero indicates that there is perfect equality—assets are equally divided between all people in the group.
  • A Gini coefficient of one indicates that all of a group's wealth is held by one individual.
  • Using Gini coefficients, this map illustrates the extent to which each country in the world has internal inequality, or a gap between its richest and poorest citizens.

• Measuring Poverty

  • Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates in several developed countries and are measured according to several different income inequality metrics, including the Gini coefficient and the Theil Index.

• Complications of Globalization

  • This map demonstrates levels of income inequality across the globe utilizing a Gini coefficient as of 2014.

• Distribution of Wealth and Income

  • The Gini coefficient measures the amount of wealth or income inequality in a society by plotting the proportion of total income (or wealth) earned by the bottom x percent of the population.

• Debates over Globalization

  • They challenge directly traditional metrics, such as GDP, and look to other measures, such as the Gini coefficient or the Happy Planet Index, pointing to evidence of social disintegration, the spread of diseases, environmental damage, breakdowns in democracy, and increasing poverty in many of the world's nations as unintended consequences of globalization.

• Measurement Problems

  • The most popular measurement of income inequality is the Gini index, which leverages a simple scale of 0-1 to derive deviance from a given perfect equality point.
  • If a system demonstrates a Gini index of 0, the implication is that income differences among any individuals in the population will be essentially zero, while a measurement of 1 is complete income disparity.
  • That bottom 10% (assuming inflation has been accounted for) will be gaining wealth and purchasing power in absolute terms despite the fact that the Gini index will be much worse.
  • The Gini index still has important implications about relative inequality in this circumstance, but it neglects to point out positive gains.
  • Taking into account the problems with the Gini ratio, a concept like the poverty line does an effective job in offsetting this variability.

• Calculating the Emission and Absorption Coefficients

  • We can write the emission and absorption coefficients in terms of the Einstein coefficients that we have just examined.
  • The emission coefficient $j_\nu$ has units of energy per unit time per unit volume per unit frequency per unit solid angle!
  • The Einstein coefficient $A_{21}$ gives spontaneous emission rate per atom, so dimensional analysis quickly gives
  • We can now write the absorption coefficient and the source function using the relationships between the Einstein coefficients as

• 95% Critical Values of the Sample Correlation Coefficient Table

• Defining and Measuring Income Inequality

  • Gini Index: One of the most commonly used income inequality metric is the Gini Index, which uses a straightforward 0-1 scale to illustrate deviance from perfect equality of income.
  • The derivation of the Gini ratio is found via Lorenz curves, or more specifically, the ratio of two areas in a Lorenz curve diagram.
  • This demonstrates the Gini ratio across the globe, with some interesting implications for advanced economies like the U.S.