Examples of genetic code in the following topics:
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- The genetic code is the relationship between DNA base sequences and the amino acid sequence in proteins.
- Features of the genetic code include:
- Degeneracy is the redundancy of the genetic code.
- The genetic code has redundancy, but no ambiguity.
- These properties of the genetic code make it more fault-tolerant for point mutations.
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- The genetic code is degenerate as there are 64 possible nucleotide triplets (43), which is far more than the number of amino acids .
- The genetic code is universal.
- With a few exceptions, virtually all species use the same genetic code for protein synthesis.
- The universal nature of the genetic code is powerful evidence that all of life on Earth shares a common origin.
- The genetic code for translating each nucleotide triplet (codon) in mRNA into an amino acid or a translation termination signal.
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- Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine are not encoded by the universal genetic code.
- The order in which the amino acids are added is read through the genetic code from an mRNA template, which is a RNA copy of one of the organism's genes.
- Of these, 20 are encoded by the universal genetic code.
- Produced by a specific tRNA and aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, it forms part of an unusual genetic code in these organisms.
- Pyrrolysine (abbreviated as Pyl or O) is a naturally occurring, genetically coded amino acid used by some methanogenic archaea and one known bacterium in enzymes that are part of their methane-producing metabolism.
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- Genetics is the science of the way traits are passed from parent to offspring.
- For all forms of life, continuity of the species depends upon the genetic code being passed from parent to offspring.
- Genetics is very important in human physiology because all attributes of the human body are affected by a person's genetic code.
- Genetic inheritance begins at the time of conception.
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- Known as our "genetic code," it is shaped like a double helix, made of sequences of nucleic acids attached to a sugar phosphate backbone.
- Some genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and therefore passed on by the sex chromosomes.
- The autosomes contain the remainder of a person's genetic information.
- By studying chromosomes and genes, scientists are able to determine the genetic basis for many diseases.
- Chromosomal and genetic manipulation are controversial topics.
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- Genetic variation in a population is determined by mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, and gene flow.
- Five forces can cause genetic variation and evolution in a population: mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, and gene flow.
- Each of these characteristics is the result of a mutation, or a change in the genetic code.
- Even in the absence of selective forces, genetic drift can cause two separate populations that began with the same genetic structure to drift apart into two divergent populations.
- Describe how the forces of genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, gene flow, and mutation can lead to differences in population variation
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- More sophisticated markers, including those based on non-coding DNA, are now used to compare the genomes of individuals in a population.
- VNTRs are repeated sets of nucleotides present in the non-coding regions of DNA.
- Non-coding DNA has no known biological function; however, research shows that much of this DNA is actually transcribed.
- While its function is uncertain, it is certainly active; it may be involved in the regulation of coding genes.
- Describe the different types of genetic markers that are used in generating genetic maps of DNA
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- The biological perspective on personality emphasizes the influence of the brain and genetic factors on personality.
- The field of behavioral genetics focuses on the relationship between genes and behavior and has given psychologists a glimpse of the link between genetics and personality.
- A large part of the evidence collected linking genetics and the environment to personality comes from twin studies, which compare levels of similarity in personality between genetically identical twins.
- In the field of behavioral genetics, the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart—a well-known study of the genetic basis for personality—conducted research with twins from 1979 to 1999.
- How DNA interacts with the environment determines what part of the DNA code is actually activated within an individual—in other words, which genes will be expressed.
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- Gene duplication is the process by which a region of DNA coding for a gene is copied.
- This can result in a large number of mutations accumulating in the duplicate gene code.
- Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation.
- Genetic divergence will always accompany reproductive isolation, either due to novel adaptations via selection and/or due to genetic drift, and is the principal mechanism underlying speciation.
- Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.
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- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys.
- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys.
- There are three genetic mutations in the PKD-1, PKD-2, and PKD3 gene with similar phenotypical presentations.
- PKD-2, on chromosome 4, codes for a group of voltage-linked calcium channels.
- Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys