extermination camps

Examples of extermination camps in the following topics:

• The Holocaust

  • Holocaust scholars draw a distinction between extermination camps and concentration camps.
  • Instead, the ghettos' inhabitants were sent to extermination camps.
  • The use of extermination camps (also called "death camps") equipped with gas chambers for the systematic mass extermination of peoples was an unprecedented feature of the Holocaust.
  • A distinctive feature of Nazi genocide was also the extensive use of human subjects in "medical" experiments carried in both extermination and concentration camps.
  • Some extermination and concentration camps were liberated by Allied powers in their final march through Europe on the way to defeat Nazi Germany.

• The Holocaust

  • By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers.
  • The use of extermination camps (also called "death camps") equipped with gas chambers for the systematic mass extermination of peoples was an unprecedented feature of the Holocaust.
  • Rudolf Höss, the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, said:
  • Those who were fit for work were sent into the Camp.
  • Others were sent immediately to the extermination plants.

• Genocide

  • Extermination:"It is 'extermination' to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human".
  • These are slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp, a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg (Etter Mountain) near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937.
  • It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.
  • Many prisoners had died from malnutrition when U.S. troops of the 80th Division entered the camp.
  • The photograph was taken five days after the camp's liberation.

• Casualties of World War II

  • The German government led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party was responsible for the Holocaust, the killing of approximately 6 million Jews, as well as 2.7 million ethnic Poles, and 4 million others who were deemed "unworthy of life" (including the disabled and mentally ill, Soviet prisoners of war, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Romani) as part of a program of deliberate extermination.
  • In addition to Nazi concentration camps, the Soviet gulags (labour camps) led to the death of citizens of occupied countries such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as German prisoners of war (POWs) and even Soviet citizens who had been or were thought to be supporters of the Nazis.
  • Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, many of which were used as labour camps, also had high death rates.
  • SS female camp guards remove prisoners' bodies from lorries and carry them to a mass grave, inside the German Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 1945

• Clarifying Ambiguous Words

  • Although clarifying the meaning of terms will not automatically bring conflicting political positions into harmony, clarifying what the various camps are fighting about may be an important step towards a mutually agreeable settlement.
  • Perhaps the only thing we can be sure about is that there is room for legitimate disagreement here as to the best possible strategies for exterminating racism.

• Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP): An Activator Regulator

  • When glucose levels decline in E. coli, catabolite activator protein (CAP) is bound by cAMP to promote transcription of the lac operon.
  • When glucose levels drop, cyclic AMP (cAMP) begins to accumulate in the cell.
  • The cAMP molecule is a signaling molecule that is involved in glucose and energy metabolism in E. coli.
  • When cAMP binds to CAP, the complex binds to the promoter region of the genes that are needed to use the alternate sugar sources .
  • As glucose supplies become limited, cAMP levels increase.

• Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors

  • One very important second messenger is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
  • Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP, in turn, activates a group of proteins called protein kinases, which transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate molecule in a process called phosphorylation.
  • Each molecule of adenylyl cyclase then triggers the formation of many molecules of cAMP.
  • Hormone binding to receptor activates a G protein, which in turn activates adenylyl cyclase, converting ATP to cAMP. cAMP is a second messenger that mediates a cell-specific response.
  • An enzyme called phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP, terminating the signal.

• Famine and Oppression

  • Those officially defined as "kulaks," "kulak helpers," and, later, "ex-kulaks" were to be shot, placed into Gulag labor camps, or deported to remote areas of the country, depending on the charge.
  • The Holodomor (Ukrainian for "Extermination by hunger"), also known as the Terror-Famine and Famine-Genocide in Ukraine, was a man-made famine in Ukraine in 1932 and 1933 that killed an estimated 2.5–7.5 million Ukrainians, with millions more counted in demographic estimates.

• Introduction to the Four Functions of Governmen

  • For most people the general undesirability of private-involuntary associations (robber-victim, air polluter-victim) and of compound-involuntary ones (the Nazi extermination campaign against Jews, military conscription, arbitrary economic regulations) is implicit in the examples we have adduced.

• Frontier Revivals

  • In the newly settled frontier regions, the revivals of the Second Great Awakening took the form of camp meetings.
  • The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length involving multiple preachers.
  • Settlers in thinly populated areas would gather at the camp meeting for fellowship.
  • One of the early camp meetings took place in July 1800 at Gasper River Church in southwestern Kentucky.
  • Camp meetings were multi-day affairs with multiple preachers, often attracting thousands of worshippers.