endoneurial fluid

Examples of endoneurial fluid in the following topics:

• Structure of a Nerve

  • Within the endoneurium, individual nerve fibers are surrounded by a liquid called the endoneurial fluid.
  • It prevents certain molecules from crossing from the blood into the endoneurial fluid.
  • In this respect, endoneurial fluid is similar to cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system.
  • During nerve irritation or injury, the amount of endoneurial fluid may increase at the site of damage.
  • This increase in fluid can be visualized using magnetic resonance neurography to diagnose nerve damage.

• Axon Bundles

  • Within the endoneurium, the individual nerve axonsare surrounded by a protein liquid called endoneurial fluid.
  • The endoneurium has properties analogous to the blood–brain barrier, in that it prevents certain molecules from crossing from the blood into the endoneurial fluid.

• Regeneration of Nerve Fibers

  • The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact, and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurial channel.
  • In the later stages of regeneration, the remaining endoneurial tube directs axon growth back to the correct targets.
  • During Wallerian degeneration, Schwann cells grow in ordered columns along the endoneurial tube.
  • This creates a band of Büngner (boB) that protects and preserves the endoneurial channel.

• Fluid Compartments

  • The major body fluid compartments include: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid (plasma, interstitial fluid, and trancellular fluid).
  • The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid (or cytoplasm) is the fluid found inside cells.
  • Extracellular fluid (ECF) or extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) usually denotes all body fluid outside of cells.
  • It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside of cells).
  • Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, and ocular fluid, joint fluid, and the pleaural cavity which contain fluid that is only found in their respective epithelium-lined spaces.

• Flow Rate and Velocity

  • Flow velocity and volumetric flow rates are important quantities in fluid dynamics used to quantify motion of a fluid and are interrelated.
  • Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion and corresponding phenomena.
  • Fluid velocity can be affected by the pressure of the fluid, the viscosity of the fluid, and the cross-sectional area of the container in which the fluid is travelling.
  • The magnitude of the fluid flow velocity is the fluid flow speed.
  • Fluid flow velocity effectively describes everything about the motion of a fluid.

• Poiseuille's Equation and Viscosity

  • Virtually all moving fluids exhibit viscosity, which is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow.
  • It describes a fluid's internal resistance to movement and can be thought of as a measure of fluid friction.
  • The greater the viscosity, the ‘thicker' the fluid and the more the fluid will resist movement.
  • Different fluids exhibit different viscous behavior yet, in this analysis, only Newtonian fluids (fluids with constant velocity independent of applied shear stress) will be considered.
  • In analyzing the properties of moving fluids, it is necessary to determine the nature of flow of the fluid.

• What is a Fluid?

  • A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.
  • A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.
  • The distinction between solids and fluid is not entirely obvious.
  • It is best described as a viscoelastic fluid.
  • This also means that all fluids have the property of fluidity.

• Body Fluid Composition

  • This means that fluid composition varies between body compartments.
  • The pH of the intracellular fluid is 7.4.
  • The concentrations of the other ions in cytosol or intracellular fluid are quite different from those in extracellular fluid.
  • The extracellular fluid is mainly cations and anions.
  • Ocular fluid in the eyes contrasts cerebrospinal fluid by containing high concentrations of proteins, including antibodies.

• Capacity of Different Tissues for Repair

  • The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact,\ and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurial channel.
  • In the later stages of regeneration the remaining endoneurial tube directs axon growth back to the correct target.

• Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity

  • The flow rate of a fluid is the volume of fluid which passes through a surface in a given unit of time .
  • where Q is the flow rate, v is the velocity of the fluid, and a is the area of the cross section of the space the fluid is moving through.
  • The equation of continuity applies to any incompressible fluid.
  • Since the fluid cannot be compressed, the amount of fluid which flows into a surface must equal the amount flowing out of the surface.
  • Using the known properties of a fluid in one condition, we can use the continuity equation to solve for the properties of the same fluid under other conditions.