electrogenic pump

(noun)

An ion pump that generates a net charge flow as a result of its activity.

Related Terms

Examples of electrogenic pump in the following topics:

  • Primary Active Transport

    • The sodium-potassium pump maintains the electrochemical gradient of living cells by moving sodium in and potassium out of the cell.
    • One of the most important pumps in animals cells is the sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+ ATPase), which maintains the electrochemical gradient (and the correct concentrations of Na+ and K+) in living cells.
    • The sodium-potassium pump moves two K+ into the cell while moving three Na+ out of the cell.
    • The sodium-potassium pump is, therefore, an electrogenic pump (a pump that creates a charge imbalance), creating an electrical imbalance across the membrane and contributing to the membrane potential.
    • Primary active transport moves ions across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient (electrogenic transport).

  • Sodium Pumps as an Alternative to Proton Pumps

    • Na+/K+-ATPase (Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as Na+/K+ pump, sodium-potassium pump, or sodium pump) is an antiporter enzyme (EC 3.6.3.9) (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.
    • It is now known that the carrier is an ATP-ase and that it pumps three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions pumped in.
    • The pump, while binding ATP, binds 3 intracellular Na+ ions.
    • The phosphorylated form of the pump has a low affinity for Na+ ions, so they are released.The pump binds 2 extracellular K+ ions.
    • Describe the mechanisms of sodium pumps and its role as an alternative proton pump

  • Reducing the cost of pumps and pumping

    • Up to 20% of the world's motors are used for pumping purposes and most of what they pump is water.
    • Just as with motors, most pumps are bigger and more powerful than they need to be because in many cases production designers did not know what the exact pumping requirements were when the pumping system was being planned.
    • Obviously, this is not an efficient practice – particularly when the annual expense of running an over-sized pump can cost several times more than the price of the pump itself.
    • In some cases, over-sized pumps can be balanced by trimming the impeller or replacing it with one of a smaller diameter (an impeller, which is similar to a propeller, transfers energy from a motor to the fluid being pumped inside a tube or pipe by directing, increasing and pressurizing the fl ow of liquid inside).
    • For a pump operating at less than 10% of its designated flow rate, trimming an impeller can reduce electrical consumption by as much as 25%.

  • Improving pump efficiency

    • Thinking ahead is probably the best way to avoid the costs associated with buying an over-sized pump.
    • Try to envision the entire pumping system beforehand with an eye toward maximizing efficiency – then seek a pump that is compatible with its operation while thinking about how the entire system can be made more efficient.
    • The result is that less pumping energy is needed, which means that smaller, more economical pumps can be used.
    • Schilham's second money-saving idea was to lay out the pipes first and install the pumps afterward – which is exactly the reverse of how most people construct a pumping system.
    • Furthermore, by using plastic or epoxy-coated steel pipes, friction can be reduced by another 40%, resulting in a proportionate savings in pumping expenses that can eliminate up to 95% of the costs of pumping.

  • Additional cost and energy saving suggestions for pumps

    • Pumps don't just push fluids, they can also direct pressurized air from one spot to another.
    • Whatever substance is being pumped, the following suggestions can reduce the costs involved:
    • Consider using industrial heat pumps (IHPs).
    • For more information about getting the most from pumps and pumping,visit www.plantservices.com.
    • Alternatively, browse the pump section of theIndustrial Efficiency Alliance website at www.industrialefficiencyalliance.org.

  • Heat Pumps and Refrigerators

    • Heat pumps, air conditioners, and refrigerators utilize heat transfer from cold to hot.
    • Actually, a heat pump can be used both to heat and cool a space.
    • A working fluid such as a non-CFC refrigerant is used in a basic heat pump.
    • We define a heat pump's coefficient of performance (COPhp) to be
    • As with heat pumps, work input is required for heat transfer from cold to hot.

  • Pumps and the Heart

    • The heart pumps blood through the body by contracting and relaxing, increasing and decreasing the pressure.
    • Two atria at the top of the heart receive blood and two ventricles at the bottom of the heart pump blood out of the heart.
    • A complete cardiac cycle is one round of the heart pumping blood and consists of two parts: systole (contraction of the heart muscle) and diastole (relaxation of the heart muscle).

  • Anatomy of the Heart

    • The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels using rhythmic contractions of cardiac muscle.
    • It consists of four chambers and pumps blood through both systemic and pulmonary circulation to enable gas exchange and tissue oxygenation.
    • Each side contains an atria which receives blood into the heart and flows it into a ventricle, which pumps the blood out of the heart.
    • The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and pumps it into the aorta, while the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava and pumps it into the pulmonary vein.
    • The inner layer is called the endocardium and is in contact with the blood that the heart pumps.

  • Blood Flow in the Heart

    • The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
    • The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated and is passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for re-oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide.
    • The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body.
    • Deoxygenated blood is received from the systemic circulation into the right atrium, it is pumped into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery into the lungs.
    • Through association with the alveoli the blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins, before passing into the left ventricle and being pumped around the body.

  • Structures of the Heart

    • The heart pumps blood through the body with the help of structures such as ventricles, atria, and valves.
    • For pulmonary and systemic circulation, the heart has to pump blood to the lungs or the rest of the body, respectively .
    • The atria are the chambers that receive blood while the ventricles are the chambers that pump blood.
    • After it is filled, the right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
    • This pattern of pumping is referred to as double circulation and is found in all mammals.