Dominican Civil War of 1965

(noun)

An armed conflict that took place between April 24, 1965 and September 3, 1965, in Santo Domingo; known to be the bloodiest armed conflict in the country in the 20th century.

Related Terms

Examples of Dominican Civil War of 1965 in the following topics:

  • Intervention in Latin America

    • American interventions in the Brazilian coup d'état of 1964 and the Dominican Civil War of 1965 are two notable examples.
    • The Dominican Civil War of 1965 was the second time the United States occupied the Dominican Republic.
    • The coup d'état and civil war in the Dominican Republic was rooted in the election of Juan Bosch as president in 1962, following a period of political instability after the assassination of long-time dictator Rafael Trujillo in 1961.
    • All civilian advisers had recommended against immediate intervention, hoping that the Loyalist side could bring an end to the civil war on their own.
    • After the Coup of 1965, Jaquin Balaguer became president of the Dominican Republic.

  • The United Nations

    • A second observer force, UNIPOM, was also dispatched, in 1965 to the areas of the India-Pakistan border that were not being monitored by the earlier mission, UNMOGIP, after a ceasefire in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
    • In the Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP), 1965–1966, the UN authorized an observer mission in a country where ideological factions were facing off.
    • However, the mission was only initiated after the US intervened unilaterally in a civil war between leftist and conservative factions.
    • With the decline of the Soviet Union and the advent of perestroika, the Soviet Union drastically decreased its military and economic support for a number of "proxy" civil wars around the globe.
    • A number of missions were designed to end civil wars in which competing sides had been sponsored by Cold War players.

  • The Widening War at Home

    • In February of 1965, United States President Lyndon Johnson dramatically escalated the war in Vietnam with a sustained bombing campaign and the introduction of ground troops.
    • In April of 1965, SDS organized a march on Washington for peace; about 20,000 people attended.
    • After the conventional civil rights tactic of peacefully picketing failed, Oakland, California's "Stop the Draft" week ended in a number of skirmishes with the police.
    • Opinion polls showed a steady decline in support for the war after 1965.
    • Students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison protested the war in Vietnam in 1965.

  • Wilson and Latin America

    • Wilson continued the U.S. policy of intervening in the affairs of Latin American nations, including Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Panama, and Nicaragua, as well as in Mexico.
    • In the Dominican Republic, Wilson ordered an American military occupation shortly after the resignation of President Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra in 1916.
    • Over time, the revolution changed from a revolt against the established order to a multi-sided civil war, with an end coming into sight only after the Mexican Constitution was drafted in 1917.
    • Under Wilson's direction, U.S. forces occupied the Dominican Republic.
    • (American Marines in the Dominican Republic in 1916 are pictured here).

  • Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East

    • The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965.
    • When leftists were involved in unsuccessful revolts at navy bases in 1962, Betancourt suspended civil liberties.
    • The next year, the U.S. dispatched troops to the Dominican Republic to stop a possible left-wing takeover under Operation Power Pack.
    • Due to many of the frantic events of the late 1970s in the Middle East it culminated in the Iran–Iraq War between neighboring Iran and Iraq.
    • The war eventually turned into a stalemate with hundreds of thousands of dead on both sides.

  • Legislative Change

    • The Civil Rights Act of 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War.
    • Johnson helped secure passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    • In January 1965, civil rights leaders organized several demonstrations in Selma that led to violent clashes with police.
    • The Voting Rights Act of 1965, which was introduced in Congress two days later while civil rights leaders, now under the protection of federal troops, led a march of 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery.
    • Analyze the gains and limitations of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, and 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

  • The Lyndon B. Johnson Administration

    • He accomplished an ambitious domestic agenda, enacting the "Great Society" and "War on Poverty," which were a collection of programs related to civil rights, economic opportunity, education, healthcare, environmental protection, and public broadcasting.
    • His war on poverty dominated his presidency and included such acts as the 1964 Economic Opportunities Act, the 1965 Housing and Development Act, and the 1965 Social Security Act.
    • His Great Society also included passing Kennedy's Civil Rights Act of 1964, the most far-reaching civil rights act yet passed by Congress.
    • These were followed by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
    • Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War, reversing Kennedy's policy of disengagement.

  • Civil Rights of the Elderly

    • The elderly, or senior citizens, are vulnerable to civil rights abuses due to a propensity for sickness, disability, and poverty.
    • Due to demographic shifts, including increased life expectancy and high birth rates in the post-World War II era, the United States population has grown older in recent years.
    • Because of a propensity for illness, disability, and lack of employment, the elderly are faced with unique civil rights challenges.
    • In 1965, President Lyndon B.
    • Discuss the civil rights issues that affect the elderly in the United States

  • Civil Rights of Asian Americans

    • Civil Rights controversies surrounding Asian Americans include early immigration restrictions and xenophobia during the Second World War.
    • Internment camps during World War II were used to hold Japanese American residents and citizens, who were suspected of anti-American plotting without the benefit of legal proceedings.
    • In what is now considered to be a major civil rights violation, thousands of Japanese Americans were held in internment camps during World War II.
    • In 1965, at the tail end of the Civil Rights era, President Lyndon B.
    • Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

  • Legally Free, Socially Bound

    • Though the Reconstruction Amendments guaranteed them equal rights, African-Americans experienced widespread discrimination after the War.
    • In 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
    • This Proclamation freed slaves in the southern states at war with the North.
    • The Jim Crow laws were enacted on the state and local levels between 1876 and 1965, and mandated de jure segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans .
    • To reduce black voting and regain control of state legislatures, Democrats had used a combination of violence, fraud, and intimidation since the election of 1868.