diuretic

Examples of diuretic in the following topics:

• Diuretics

  • There are three types of diuretics: thiazide, loop and potassium-sparing.
  • There are several categories of diuretics.
  • The antihypertensive actions of some diuretics (thiazides and loop diuretics in particular) are independent of their diuretic effect.
  • Loop diuretics have this ability, and are therefore often synonymous with high ceiling diuretics.
  • Herbal medications are not inherently diuretics.

• Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume

  • There are a few complex systems involved in regulating blood volume and urine production, such as the intricate renin–angiotensin system, and the simpler anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) feedback system.
  • A diuretic is any substance that has the opposite effect of ADH— they increase urine volume, decrease urine osmolarity, lead to an increased plasma osmolarity, and often reduced blood volume.
  • Many substances can act as diuretics, albeit with different mechanisms.
  • Alternatively caffeine is a diuretic because it interferes with sodium reabsorption (reducing the amount of water reabsorbed by sodium cotransport) and increases the glomerular filtration rate by temporarily increasing blood pressure.
  • Many medications are diuretics because they inhibit the ATPase pumps, thus slowing water reabsorption further.

• Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs

  • The sulfonylureas and thiazide diuretics are newer drug groups based on the antibacterial sulfonamides.
  • The sulfonamide chemical moiety is also present in other medications that are not antimicrobials, including thiazide diuretics (including hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, and indapamide, among others), loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide), sulfonylureas (including glipizide, glyburide, among others), and some COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib), and acetazolamide.

• Other Hormonal Controls for Osmoregulation

  • Angiotensin II also triggers the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus, leading to water retention in the kidneys.
  • ANP affects salt release; because water passively follows salt to maintain osmotic balance, it also has a diuretic effect.
  • ANP also prevents sodium reabsorption by the renal tubules, decreasing water reabsorption (thus acting as a diuretic) and lowering blood pressure.

• Hantavirus

  • The symptoms of HFRS can be split into five phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent.
  • The diuretic phase is characterized by excessive urination (diuresis) of up to six liters per day, and can last for a couple of days up to a week.
  • Paraphrase the causes of hantavirus and the phases of symptoms: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic and convalescent

• Overview of the Pituitary Gland

  • The posterior pituitary does not produce any hormones of its own, rather, it stores and secretes two hormones made in the hypothalamus—oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone.

• Alkalosis

  • It can also be caused by administration of diuretics and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome.

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • Treatment may include: blood pressure medicines, diuretics, and a low-salt diet

• Nitrogenous Waste in Terrestrial Animals: The Urea Cycle

  • This mechanism, controlled by an anti-diuretic hormone, allows the body to create hyperosmotic urine, which has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the blood plasma.

• Regulation of Water Output

  • The hormones ADH (anti-diuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin) and aldosterone, a hormone created by the renin-angiotensin system play a major role in this.