cell assembly

(noun)

Also referred to as Hebbian theory; the concept that "cells that fire together wire together," meaning neural networks can be created through associative experience and learning.

Related Terms

Examples of cell assembly in the following topics:

  • Viral Exit

    • Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble in the cell.
    • Viruses can be released from the host cell by lysis, a process that kills the cell by bursting its membrane and cell wall if present.
    • Virus assembly depends on the site of synthesis and such sites are the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus aka Golgi body.
    • Aside from this, assembly also occurs in the viroplasm which is an inclusion body in a cell.
    • Viral budding uses the host's cell membrane eventually causing cell death.

  • Replicative Cycle of Influenza A

    • Once inside the cell, the acidic conditions in the endosome cause two events to happen:
    • Negative-sense vRNAs that form the genomes of future viruses, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and other viral proteins are assembled into a virion.
    • As before, the viruses adhere to the cell through hemagglutinin; the mature viruses detach once their neuraminidase has cleaved sialic acid residues from the host cell.
    • After the release of new influenza viruses, the host cell dies.
    • Step 1: Binding Step 2: Entry Step 3: Complex formation and transcription Step 4: Translation Step 5: Secretion Step 6: Assembly Step 7: Release

  • Virus Attachment and Genome Entry

    • Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble in the cell.
    • Plants have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, and fungi one of chitin, so most viruses can get inside these cells only after trauma to the cell wall.
    • Bacteria, such as plants, have strong cell walls that a virus must breach to infect the cell.
    • However, given that bacterial cell walls are less thick than plant cell walls due to their much smaller size, some viruses have evolved mechanisms that inject their genome into the bacterial cell across the cell wall, while the viral capsid remains outside
    • There are six basic stages in the life cycle of viruses: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly of viral particles, and release.

  • Fts Proteins and Cell Division

    • FtsZ is a protein encoded by the ftsZ gene that assembles into a ring at the future site of the septum of bacterial cell division.
    • FtsZ is a protein encoded by the ftsZ gene that assembles into a ring at the future site of the septum of bacterial cell division.
    • The hypothesis was that cell division mutants of E. coli would grow as filaments due to the inability of the daughter cells to separate from one another.
    • During cell division, FtsZ is the first protein to move to the division site, and is essential for recruiting other proteins that produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells.
    • Following localization to the membrane, division proteins of the Fts family are recruited for ring assembly.

  • General Features of Virus Replication

    • Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus; most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm.
    • Instead, they hijack the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble inside the cell.
    • The infection of plant and fungal cells is different from that of animal cells.
    • Following the structure-mediated self-assembly of the virus particles, some modification of the proteins often occurs.
    • Viruses can be released from the host cell by lysis, a process that kills the cell by bursting its membrane and cell wall if present.

  • Steps of Virus Infections

    • These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell.
    • Most productive viral infections follow similar steps in the virus replication cycle: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release .
    • The nucleic acid of bacteriophages enters the host cell naked, leaving the capsid outside the cell.
    • The viral mRNA directs the host cell to synthesize viral enzymes and capsid proteins, and to assemble new virions.
    • RNA and proteins are made and assembled into new virions.

  • Damage to the Cell Wall

    • Although both of these molecules are polymerized on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, their precursors are assembled in the cytoplasm.
    • Any event that interferes with the assembling of the peptidoglycan precursor, and the transport of that object across the cell membrane, where it will integrate into the cell wall, would compromise the integrity of the wall.
    • Damage to the cell wall disturbs the state of cell electrolytes, which can activate death pathways (apoptosis or programmed cell death).
    • A bacterial cell with a damaged cell wall cannot undergo binary fission and is thus certain to die .
    • Discuss the effects that damage to the cell wall has on the bacterial cell

  • Cell Walls of Archaea

    • Archaeal cell walls differ from bacterial cell walls in their chemical composition and lack of peptidoglycans.
    • As with other living organisms, archaeal cells have an outer cell membrane that serves as a protective barrier between the cell and its environment .
    • Around the outside of nearly all archaeal cells is a cell wall, a semi-rigid layer that helps the cell maintain its shape and chemical equilibrium.
    • It is assembled from surface-layer proteins called S-layers.
    • The cell wall of archaeans is chemically distinct.

  • The Mitotic Phase and the G0 Phase

    • During the multistep mitotic phase, the cell nucleus divides, and the cell components split into two identical daughter cells.
    • The mitotic spindle continues to develop as more microtubules assemble and stretch across the length of the former nuclear area.
    • The mitotic spindles are depolymerized into tubulin monomers that will be used to assemble cytoskeletal components for each daughter cell.
    • In plant cells, a new cell wall must form between the daughter cells.
    • The cell is in a quiescent (inactive) stage that occurs when cells exit the cell cycle.

  • Binary Fission

    • In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the outcome of cell reproduction is a pair of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
    • As the new double strands are formed, each origin point moves away from the cell wall attachment toward the opposite ends of the cell.
    • When the new cell walls are in place, the daughter cells separate.
    • In addition, both FtsZ and tubulin employ the same energy source, GTP (guanosine triphosphate), to rapidly assemble and disassemble complex structures.
    • A survey of mitotic assembly components found in present-day unicellular eukaryotes reveals crucial intermediary steps to the complex membrane-enclosed genomes of multicellular eukaryotes.