birth defect

(noun)

Any of several medical disorders that are present at birth.

Related Terms

Examples of birth defect in the following topics:

  • Genetic Defects from Radiation

    • Ionizing radiation from fallout can cause genetic effects, birth defects, cancer, cataracts, and other organ and tissue defects.
    • Ionizing radiation from fallout can cause genetic effects, birth defects, cancer, cataracts, and other organ and tissue defects.
    • Recognize the name of the genetic defect that has been shown to be caused by acute radiation exposure during pregnancy

  • Congenital Defects

    • Any substance that causes birth defects is known as a teratogen.
    • Birth defect is a widely-used term for a congenital malformation; i.e. a congenital, physical anomaly which is recognizable at birth, and which is significant enough to be considered a problem.
    • According to the CDC, most birth defects are believed to be caused by a complex mix of factors including genetics, environment, and behaviors, although many birth defects have no known cause.
    • An example of a birth defect is cleft palate .
    • Genetic diseases may be divided into single-gene defects, multiple-gene disorders, or chromosomal defects.

  • Prenatal Diagnostic Tests

    • For example, Down Syndrome is associated with cardiac defects that may need intervention immediately upon birth.
    • Fetal screening has also been done to determine characteristics generally not considered birth defects, for example determining the sex of the offspring.
    • Screening tests yield a risk score which represents the chance that the baby has the birth defect. the most common threshold for high-risk is 1:270.
    • However, the trade-off between risk of birth defect and risk of complications from invasive testing is relative and subjective.
    • 2) Women who have previously had premature babies or babies with a birth defect

  • The Health of Infants and Children

    • Birth defects are among the leading global causes of infant and child mortality, with an estimated 4.9 million birth defect pregnancies worldwide each year.
    • Birth defect trends and risk factors are difficult to monitor because many countries do not have systems that can accurately track the prevalence of birth defects.
    • In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researches and tracks birth defects and coordinates the surveillance and research activities of about 40 member programs of the International Clearing House for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research.
    • Globally, untreated maternal syphilis still causes more than 650,000 adverse pregnancy outcomes, including about 350,000 pre-birth deaths, each year.

  • Congenital Heart Defects

    • A congenital heart defect is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels that is present at birth.
    • A congenital heart defect is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels which is present at birth.
    • Heart defects are among the most common birth defects and are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths.
    • There is a complex sequence of events that result in a well formed heart at birth and disruption of any portion may result in a defect.
    • As noted in several studies following similar body mass index (BMI) ranges, prepregnant and gestating women, who were obese (BMI ≥ 30), carried a statistically significant risk of birthing children with congenital heart defects (CHD) compared to normal-weight women (BMI= 19-24.9).

  • Anencephaly

    • Anencephaly (absence of forebrain and neocortex) is a neural tube defect occurring during embryonic development.
    • Most anencephalic fetuses do not survive birth, accounting for 55% of non-aborted cases.
    • If the infant is not stillborn, then he or she will usually die within a few hours or days after birth from cardiorespiratory arrest .
    • In the United States, anencephaly occurs in about 1 out of every 10,000 births.
    • Anencephaly can often be diagnosed before birth through an ultrasound examination.

  • Spina Bifida

    • As a result, there is usually some degree of paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of the spinal cord defect.
    • Thus, the higher the level of the defect, the more severe the associated nerve dysfunction and resultant paralysis may be.
    • Spina bifida can be surgically closed after birth, but this does not restore normal function to the affected part of the spinal cord.
    • Neural tube defects can usually be detected during pregnancy by testing the mother's blood (AFP screening) or by a detailed fetal ultrasound.

  • Defective Verbs

  • Defective Nouns

    • Many nouns of the Fourth Declension are found only in the Ablative Singular as, jussū, by the order; injussū, without the order; nātū, by birth.

  • Galactosemia and Glycogen Storage Disease

    • Its incidence is about one per 60,000 births for Caucasians.
    • Glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is the result of defects in the processing of glycogen synthesis or breakdown within muscles, liver, and other cell types.
    • Genetic GSD is caused by any inborn error of metabolism (genetically defective enzymes) involved in these processes.
    • Overall, according to a study in British Columbia, approximately 2.3 children per 100,000 births (one in 43,000) have some form of glycogen storage disease.
    • In the United States, they are estimated to occur in one per 20,000-25,000 births.