Examples of biomarker in the following topics:
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- An individual protein that indicates disease is called a biomarker, whereas a set of proteins with altered expression levels is called a protein signature .
- The current problem with using biomarkers for the early detection of cancer is the high rate of false-negative results.
- In other words, many cases of cancer go undetected, which makes biomarkers unreliable.
- Some examples of protein biomarkers used in cancer detection are CA-125 for ovarian cancer and PSA for prostate cancer.
- Protein signatures may be more reliable than biomarkers to detect cancer cells.
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- A 2010 study showed that analysis of CSF for three protein biomarkers can indicate the presence of Alzheimer's disease.
- The three biomarkers are CSF amyloid beta 1-42, total CSF tau protein, and P-Tau181P.
- In the study, the biomarker test showed good sensitivity, identifying 90% of persons with Alzheimer's disease, but poor specificity, as 36% of control subjects were positive for the biomarkers.
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- There is no diagnostic laboratory test or biomarker for CFS.
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- GFP as biomarker is also useful in monitoring gene expression and protein localisation in bacterial cells.
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- Past life may also leave some markers that cannot be seen but can be detected in the form of biochemical signals; these are known as chemofossils or biomarkers.
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- Fetal fibronectin has become the most important biomarker.
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- Moreover, an interesting use of proteomics is using specific protein biomarkers to diagnose disease.
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- As the phospholipids of different groups of bacteria and fungi contain a variety of somewhat unique fatty acids, they can serve as useful biomarkers for such groups.