baseline

Examples of baseline in the following topics:

• Membrane Potentials as Signals

  • In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential.
  • For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one tenth of a volt.

• Diversity Bias

  • A cognitive bias in which the current baseline (or status quo) is taken as a reference point, and any change from that baseline is perceived as a loss.

• Example of ZPD

  • During the week of learning the forehand, the instructor notices that Maria is very frustrated because she keeps hitting her forehand shots either into the net or far past the baseline.

• Reactions of Amino Acids

  • As shown in the graphic on the right, samples of amino acids or mixtures thereof are applied along a line near the bottom of a rectangular sheet of paper (the baseline).
  • The ratio of the distance a compound moves from the baseline to the distance of the solvent front from the baseline is defined as the retardation (or retention) factor Rf.

• The Cost of Maintaining the Government

  • CBO computes a current law baseline budget projection that is intended to estimate what federal spending and revenues would be in the absence of new legislation for the current fiscal year and for the coming 10 fiscal years.
  • However, the CBO also computes a current-policy baseline, which makes assumptions about, for instance, votes on tax cut sunset provisions.
  • The current CBO 10 year budget baseline projection grows from $3.7 trillion in 2011 to $5.7 trillion in 2021.

• Graphing Qualitative Variables

  • Another distortion in bar charts results from setting the baseline to a value other than zero.
  • The baseline is the bottom of the Y-axis, representing the least number of cases that could have occurred in a category.
  • Figure 6 shows the iMac data with a baseline of 50.

• Analyzing every stage of production

  • Use this information to create baseline statistics against which future measurement can be judged.

• Have a Clear Mission Statement

  • That's an important point: it's okay to assume a minimally informed reader with a baseline level of preparedness.

• Current Epidemics

  • The declaration of an epidemic usually requires a good understanding of a baseline rate of incidence; epidemics for certain diseases, such as influenza, are defined as reaching some defined increase in incidence above this baseline.

• Renal Disease and Failure

  • The acute part of AoCRF may be reversible, and the goal of treatment, as with AKI, is to return the patient to baseline renal function, typically measured by serum creatinine.
  • Like AKI, AoCRF can be difficult to distinguish from chronic kidney disease if the patient has not been monitored by a physician and no baseline (i.e., past) blood work is available for comparison.