Examples of Antitrust in the following topics:
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- Wilson sought to encourage competition and curb trusts by using the Federal Trade Commission to enforce the Clayton Antitrust Act.
- The Federal Trade Commission effectively restricted unfair trade practices and enforced the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act.
- It was a stronger piece of legislation than other antitrust laws because it held individual officers of corporations responsible if their companies violated the laws.
- This was seen as a dramatic improvement over the more ambiguous language of previous antitrust legislation.
- Rather than the piecemeal success of Roosevelt and Taft in targeting certain trusts and monopolies in lengthy lawsuits, the Clayton Antitrust Act effectively defined unfair business practices and created a common code of sanctioned business activity.
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- Antitrust laws are a form of marketplace regulation intended to prohibit monopolization and unfair business practices.
- U.S. antitrust law is a body of law that prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopolization) and unfair business practices.
- Many countries, including most of the Western world, have antitrust laws of some form.
- As a result of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, larger companies attempting to merge must first notify the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division prior to consummating a merger.
- Several types of organizations are exempt from federal antitrust laws, including labor unions, agricultural cooperatives, and banks.
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- Antitrust laws ensure that competitive environments are preserved in order to maintain an efficient and equitable capitalistic system.
- While these antitrust laws differ from nation to nation, they can loosely be summarized in three components:
- United States (U.S.) - In the U.S., antitrust policy finds its roots in 1890 with the Sherman Antitrust Act.
- This act was expanded upon in 1914, with two more competitive laws: The Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act.
- Discuss antitrust laws aimed to improve competition and prevent monopolies from becoming more powerful
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- In 1914, Congress passed two more laws designed to bolster the Sherman Antitrust Act: the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act.
- The Clayton Antitrust Act defined more clearly what constituted illegal restraint of trade.
- The government has continued to pursue antitrust prosecutions since World War II.
- As these examples demonstrate, it is not always easy to define when a violation of antitrust laws occurs.
- What's more, conditions change, and corporate arrangements that appear to pose antitrust threats in one era may appear less threatening in another.
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- Such concerns gave rise to two major laws aimed at taking apart or preventing monopolies: the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.
- In general, government antitrust officials see a threat of monopoly power when a company gains control of 30 percent of the market for a commodity or service.
- While antitrust laws may have increased competition, they have not kept U.S. companies from getting bigger.
- That represented one of the largest divestitures ever mandated by antitrust agencies.
- But federal antitrust agencies have given their blessings to some joint ventures they believe will yield benefits.
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- Congress enacted a law regulating railroads in 1887 (the Interstate Commerce Act), and one preventing large firms from controlling a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act).
- United States antitrust law is the body of laws that prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopoly) and unfair business practices.
- The Sherman Antitrust Act is a landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law passed by Congress in 1890.
- Public officials during the Progressive Era put passing and enforcing strong antitrust high on their agenda.
- Standard Oil (Refinery No. 1 in Cleveland, Ohio, pictured) was a major company broken up under United States antitrust laws.
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- Included among these were the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Farm Loan Act.
- The Federal Trade Commission effectively restricted unfair trade practices and enforced the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act.
- It was a stronger piece of legislation than other antitrust laws because it held individual officers of corporations responsible if their companies violated the laws.
- This was seen as a dramatic improvement over the more ambiguous language of previous antitrust legislation.
- Rather than the piecemeal success of Roosevelt and Taft in targeting certain trusts and monopolies in lengthy lawsuits, the Clayton Antitrust Act effectively defined unfair business practices and created a common code of sanctioned business activity.
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- Under American law, even exchanging prices among competitors can violate the antitrust laws.
- When the agreement to control price is sanctioned by a multilateral treaty or is entered by sovereign nations as opposed to individual firms, the cartel may be protected from lawsuits and criminal antitrust prosecution.
- This explains, for example, why OPEC, the global petroleum cartel, has not been prosecuted or successfully sued under US. antitrust law.
- International airline tickets have their prices fixed by agreement with the IATA, a practice for which there is a specific exemption in antitrust law.
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- In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act — the source of all American anti-monopoly laws.
- The Standard Oil group quickly attracted attention from antitrust authorities leading to a lawsuit filed by Ohio Attorney General David K.
- In 1909, the US Department of Justice sued Standard under federal anti-trust law, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, for sustaining a monopoly and restraining interstate commerce.
- On May 15, 1911, the US Supreme Court upheld the lower court judgment and declared the Standard Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act.
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- The political parties got the message: In 1888, both Republicans and Democrats put an antitrust plank in their platforms.
- The result was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, sponsored by Senator John Sherman, of Ohio.
- The purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act is not to protect competitors from harm from legitimately successful businesses, nor to prevent businesses from gaining honest profits from consumers, but rather to preserve a competitive marketplace to protect consumers from abuses.
- Nevertheless, passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act did not end the public clamor; 15 years passed before a national administration began to enforce the act, when President Theodore Roosevelt, known as "the Trustbuster," sent his attorney general after the Northern Securities Corporation, a transportation holding company.