Examples of anatomical dead space in the following topics:
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- There are two types of V/Q mismatch that produce dead space.
- Dead space is characterized by regions of broken down or blocked lung tissue.
- Dead space is created when no ventilation and/or perfusion takes place.
- Anatomical dead space, or anatomical shunt, arises from an anatomical failure, while physiological dead space, or physiological shunt, arises from a functional impairment of the lung or arteries.
- Compare and contrast anatomical and physiological dead space and their role in V/Q mismatch
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- The bronchi and bronchioles are considered anatomical dead space, like the trachea and upper respiratory tract, because no gas exchange takes place within this zone.
- There are 10 segments in the right lung and 8 to 9 segments in the left lung due to anatomical differences.
- The alveolus is the smallest anatomical unit of the lung, and the site of gas exchange between the lung and the bloodstream.
- Like the trachea, the bronchi and bronchioles are part of the conducting zone, so they moisten and warm air and contribute to the volume of anatomical dead space.
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- The trachea is also considered a part of normal anatomical dead space (space in the airway that isn't involved in alveolar gas exchange) and its volume contributes to calculations of ventilation and physiological (total) dead space.
- It is not considered alveolar dead space, a term that refers to alveoli that don't partake in gas exchange due to damage or lack of blood supply.
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- An alveolus is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity.
- The alveoli are the site of alveolar ventilation, and are not normally considered dead space.
- However, alveoli that are injured and can no longer contribute to gas exchange become alveolar dead space.
- Physiological dead space is the sum of normal anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space, and can be used to determine the rate of ventilation (gas exchange) in the lungs.
- When any type of dead space increases, the rate of ventilation in the lungs will decrease.
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- It is defined
as $VA=(Tidal Volume-Dead Space Volume)* Respiratory Rate$
- It
is defined as $VD=DeadSpaceVolume*Respiratory Rate$.
- This is most apparent in changes of the dead space volume.
- Breathing through a snorkeling tube and having a pulmonary embolism both increase the amount of dead space volume (through anatomical versus alveolar dead space respectively), which will reduce alveolar ventilation.
- Differentiate among the types of pulmonary ventilation: minute, alveolar, dead space
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- Positional terms give precise descriptions of anatomical relationships and allow for consistency when referencing anatomical positions.
- They allow a description of anatomical position by comparing location relative to other structures or within the rest of the body.
- Standard anatomical terms for direction include:
- Anterior refers to the side of the structure facing up in the standard anatomical position while posterior refers to the bottom side.
- Identify the anatomical terms that define the human body in space
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- The New Kingdom saw the Book of the Dead develop and spread further.
- There was no single Book of the Dead, and works tended to vary widely.
- Books were often prefabricated in funerary workshops, with space left for when the name of the deceased would be written in later.
- During the New Kingdom, the Book of the Dead was typically written in cursive hieroglyphs.
- Describe what the Book of the Dead was and explain its use in Ancient Egypt
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- It is defined as tidal volume minus dead space (the space in the lungs where gas exchange does not occur) times the respiratory rate.
- Dead Space Ventilation (VD): The amount of air per unit of time that doesn't reach the alveoli.
- It is defined as volume of dead space times the respiratory rate.
- Dead space is any space that isn't involved in alveolar gas exchange itself, and it typically refers to parts of the lungs that are conducting zones for air, such as the trachea and bronchioles.
- Feedback mechanisms increase the ventilation rate in such a case, but if dead space becomes too great, they won't be able to counteract the effect.
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- His anatomical reports, based mainly on dissection of monkeys and pigs, remained uncontested until 1543, when printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections were published in the seminal work De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas Vesalius, who first demonstrated the mistakes in the Galenic model.
- His anatomical teachings were based upon the dissection of human corpses, rather than the animal dissections that Galen had used as a guide.
- Vesalius' work emphasized the priority of dissection and what has come to be called the "anatomical" view of the body, seeing human internal functioning as an essentially corporeal structure filled with organs arranged in three-dimensional space.
- This was in stark contrast to many of the anatomical models used previously.
- It emphasized the priority of dissection and what has come to be called the "anatomical view" of the human body.
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- The space
between the two bones is spanned by the interosseous membrane.
- Anatomically, the ulna is located medially to the radius, placing it near the little finger.
- Anatomically, the radius is located laterally to the ulna placing it near the thumb.