heterogeneous

Examples of heterogeneous in the following topics:

• Heterogeneous Catalysis

  • Heterogeneous catalysis is a type of catalysis in which the catalyst occupies a different phase than the reaction mixture.
  • Catalysts can be divided into two types, homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on the reaction phase that they occupy.
  • Generally, heterogeneous catalysts are solid compounds that are added to liquid or gas reaction mixtures.
  • Heterogeneous catalysis has a number of benefits.
  • However, one limitation of heterogeneous catalysis has to do with the available surface area of the catalyst.

• Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Solution Equilibria

  • The equilibrium constants for homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions need to be calculated differently.
  • The former are called homogenous reactions, and the later are called heterogeneous reactions.
  • A heterogeneous equilibrium is a system in which reactants and products are found in two or more phases.

• Heterogeneous and Multiple Equilibria

  • Heterogeneous equilibria involve reactions with compounds in different phases; multiple equilibria involve reactions with two or more steps.
  • In heterogeneous equilibria, compounds in different phases react.

• Homogeneous Catalysis

  • Catalysts can be classified into two types: homogeneous and heterogeneous.
  • Homogeneous catalysts are those which exist in the same phase (gas or liquid) as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysts are not in the same phase as the reactants.
  • Typically, heterogeneous catalysis involves the use of solid catalysts placed in a liquid reaction mixture.
  • However, unlike with heterogeneous catalysis, the homogeneous catalyst is often irrecoverable after the reaction has run to completion.

• Hydrogenation

  • Catalysts can be divided into two categories: homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts.
  • Often, heterogeneous catalysts are metal-based and are attached to supports based on carbon or oxide.
  • For heterogenous catalysts, the Horiuti-Polanyi mechanism explains how hydrogenation occurs.
  • Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation is very important in industrial processes.
  • The hydrogenation of ethylene (C2H4) on a solid support is an example of heterogeneous catalysis.

• Substances and Mixtures

  • A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances (elements or compounds), where the different components can be visually distinguished and easily separated by physical means.
  • Often separating the components of a homogeneous mixture is more challenging than separating the components of a heterogeneous mixture.
  • Distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures is a matter of the scale of sampling.
  • On a small enough scale, any mixture can be said to be heterogeneous, because a sample could be as small as a single molecule.
  • Mixtures are described as heterogeneous or homogeneous.

• Ziegler-Natta Catalytic Polymerization

  • Others have been suggested, with changes to accommodate the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the catalyst.

• Binary Hydrides

  • Hydride complexes are catalysts and catalytic intermediates in a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic cycles.
  • Ionic hydrides are often used as heterogeneous bases and reducing reagents in organic synthesis.

• Alloys

  • Alloys can be further classified as homogeneous (consisting of a single phase), heterogeneous (consisting of two or more phases), or intermetallic (where there is no distinct boundary between phases).

• Alkylidene Reactions

  • Although heterogeneous metathesis catalysts generally incorporate high oxidation state transition metals, studies of discrete homogeneous complexes have shown this is not a necessary condition.