genetically modified organism

Examples of genetically modified organism in the following topics:

• Genetic Engineering

  • In genetic engineering, an organism's genotype is altered using recombinant DNA, created by molecular cloning, to modify an organism's DNA.
  • Genetic engineering is the alteration of an organism's genotype using recombinant DNA technology to modify an organism's DNA to achieve desirable traits.
  • The organism that receives the recombinant DNA is called a genetically-modified organism (GMO).
  • Bacteria, plants, and animals have been genetically modified since the early 1970s for academic, medical, agricultural, and industrial purposes.
  • Borer-resistant corn is an example of a genetically- modified organism made possible through genetic engineering methods that allow scientists to alter an organism's DNA to achieve specific traits, such as herbicide resistance.

• Modern Applications of DNA

  • The CRISPR technique has enormous potential application, including altering the germline of humans, animals and other organisms, and modifying the genes of food crops.
  • A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
  • GMOs are a source of medicines and genetically modified foods and are also widely used in scientific research, along with the production of other goods.
  • Bacteria, plants, and animals have been genetically modified since the early 1970s for academic, medical, agricultural, and industrial purposes.
  • The GloFish is a patented and trademarked brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent fish.

• Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

  • Animals that have been modified to express recombinant DNA are called transgenic animals.
  • Manipulating the DNA of plants (or creating genetically modified organisms called GMOs) has helped to create desirable traits, such as disease resistance, herbicide and pesticide resistance, better nutritional value, and better shelf-life.
  • Staples like corn, potatoes, and tomatoes were the first crop plants to be genetically engineered .
  • Additional genetic modification improved the flavor of this tomato.
  • Corn, a major agricultural crop used to create products for a variety of industries, is often modified through plant biotechnology.

• Genetic Control of Flowers

  • the flowers individual organs must grow (modeled using the ABC model)
  • A flower develops on a modified shoot or axis from a determinate apical meristem (determinate meaning the axis grows to a set size).
  • If this genetic change is not functioning properly, then flowering will not occur.
  • The second genetic event follows the commitment of the plant to form flowers.
  • The sequential development of plant organs suggests that a genetic mechanism exists in which a series of genes are sequentially turned on and off.

• Genetic Variation

  • Genetic variation is a measure of the variation that exists in the genetic makeup of individuals within population.
  • Genetic variation is a measure of the genetic differences that exist within a population.
  • The genetic variation of an entire species is often called genetic diversity.
  • Other new alleles may be immediately detrimental (such as a malformed oxygen-carrying protein) and organisms carrying these new mutations will die out.
  • Populations of wild cheetahs have very low genetic variation.

• Branches and Subdisciplines of Biology

  • Examples of biological branches include microbiology, physiology, ecology and genetics.
  • Microbiology, the study of microorganisms, is the study of the structure and function of single-celled organisms.
  • Excitingly, it is the cradle of emerging sciences such as the biology of brain activity, genetic engineering of custom organisms, and the biology of evolution that uses the laboratory tools of molecular biology to retrace the earliest stages of life on earth.
  • A scan of news headlines—whether reporting on immunizations, a newly discovered species, sports doping, or a genetically-modified food—demonstrates the way biology is active in and important to our everyday world.
  • Recognize the various subfields of biology; e.g. microbiology, genetics, evolutionary, etc.

• Introduction to Animal Behavior

  • Behavior is the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus and can be grouped as innate or learned.
  • Behavior is the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.
  • Ethology is an extension of genetics, evolution, anatomy, physiology, and other biological disciplines.
  • One goal of behavioral biology is to distinguish the innate behaviors, which have a strong genetic component and are largely independent of environmental influences, from the learned behaviors, which result from environmental conditioning.
  • Learned behaviors, even though they may have instinctive components, allow an organism to adapt to changes in the environment and are modified by previous experiences.

• Defining Population Evolution

  • Genetic variation in a population is determined by mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, and gene flow.
  • Five forces can cause genetic variation and evolution in a population: mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, and gene flow.
  • Why do some organisms survive while others die?
  • Because there are more organisms than resources, all organisms are in a constant struggle for existence.
  • The more offspring an organism can produce, the higher its fitness.

• Homologous Structures

  • Although these two structures do not look similar or have the same function, genetically, they come from the same structure of the last common ancestor.
  • Homologous traits of organisms are therefore explained by descent from a common ancestor.
  • In genetics, homology is measured by comparing protein or DNA sequences.
  • Genetically, a bat wing and a bird wing have very little in common; the last common ancestor of bats and birds did not have wings like either bats or birds.
  • All conform to the basic pentadactyl pattern but are modified for different usages.

• Epigenetic Control: Regulating Access to Genes within the Chromosome

  • It is also organized so that specific segments can be accessed as needed by a specific cell type.
  • The first level of organization, or packing, is the winding of DNA strands around histone proteins.
  • The DNA molecule itself can also be modified.
  • Epigenetics means "above genetics."
  • Histone proteins and DNA nucleotides can be modified chemically.